Lesson summary on World War II. Beginning of World War II
9a grade 11, 10/16/2017 year ur. No. 12-13
Lesson topic: World War II.
The purpose of the lesson:
To form in students an idea of the turning point of the Second World War. Tell about the main battles on the fronts of 1943-1945. Demonstrate clearly all the hardships of hostilities. To highlight the activities of the anti-Hitler coalition.
To trace the contribution of the USSR to the victory over the Axis countries, thereby helping to instill in students a sense of pride and patriotism for the country and people.
To continue the formation of students' skills to retell the text, to highlight the main thing, to work with the text.
Basic concepts and terms: anti-Hitler coalition, radical change, “Second Front”, capitulation.
During the classes:
1) Organizational moment.
2) Updating students' knowledge on the topic:
So, the beginning of the Second World War was a number of reasons. And, first of all, that by the beginning of the 30s. In the 20th century, states with different political systems developed in the world, aggressor countries appeared.
1. Remember what political regimes have been established in the world? In what states?
Answer: Democratic - England, USA, France;
Totalitarian - USSR, Germany, Italy.
2. Name the countries that have chosen an aggressive foreign policy.
Answer: Germany, Italy, Japan.
3. What was the foreign policy situation on the eve of World War II? What policy was pursued by the Western states and the USSR to appease the aggressor?
Answer: Western countries and the USSR were negotiating behind the scenes with Germany.
4. What did it lead to? What agreements have been made?
5. Who was involved in this conspiracy? What decisions have been made?
Answers: Great Britain (N.Chamberlain), France (E.Daladier), Germany (A.Hitler), Italy (B.Mussolini). An agreement was signed on the dismemberment of Czechoslovakia.
6. Why did England and France collude with Germany?
Answer: in case of refusal, Hitler threatened war in Europe.
7. What did the Soviet-German negotiations lead to? What assessment can be given to the diplomacy of these countries?
Answer: On August 23, 1939, the Non-Aggression Pact was signed and. The victory of the diplomacy of fascist Germany and the defeat of the Anglo-French and Soviet diplomacy.
8. Does everyone agree with this opinion?
Answer: No. As a result of the winter war, the USSR discovered the unpreparedness of the army for the conduct of hostilities and the destruction of command personnel as a result of the repressions of 1937, the need for rearmament. It was these reasons that forced the USSR to move closer to Germany and sign the pact.
9. Was it only the question of non-aggression that was resolved by the pact signed by Germany and the USSR?
The treaty was accompanied by a secret additional protocol on the division of countries of Eastern Europe on the spheres of German and Soviet interests in the event of a "territorial and political rearrangement" of these countries. This protocol provided for the possibility of including Latvia, Estonia, Eastern Poland, Finland and Bessarabia in the sphere of interests of the USSR.
10. When did World War II start?
11. The most significant stage in World War II is the Great Patriotic War. When did WWII start?
12. In the first days of the war, 28 Soviet divisions were completely defeated, 72 - more than half. German troops advanced 300-600 km. deep into Soviet territory. They captured Lithuania, Latvia, Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova.
What reasons contributed to the defeat of the Red Army?
The military-economic potential of Germany, which subjugated almost all of Europe, significantly exceeded the capabilities of the USSR.
Hitler's army was very powerful, had two years of experience in waging war in Europe. The Red Army was inferior in professionalism, especially the command staff (which was influenced by mass repressions in the army on the eve of the war).
The miscalculations of the Soviet leadership in defining military doctrine, in particular, underestimating the role of mechanized formations, etc.
The miscalculations of the country's leadership in the analysis of the international situation on the eve of the war, as well as in determining the timing of the start of the war, which led to the element of surprise.
4) New theme:
1) Root fracture
3) Anti-Hitler coalition
4) The final stage of World War II
6) the results of the Second World War.
5) assessment of students.
The presentation of the text is accompanied by a demonstration of the presentation "The main battles of the Second World War 1943-1945".
1) Root fracture
November 19 1942 Red Army goes on the counteroffensive Stalingrad, as a result of which it is possible to surround and defeat two German, two Romanian and one Italian armies.
V July 1943, the German command is trying for the last time to regain the strategic initiative in battle of Kursk, however, it ends with a serious defeat of the German troops. The retreat of German troops begins along the entire front line - they have to leave Eagle, Belgorod, Novorossiysk. Fights for Belarus and Ukraine. In the battle for the Dnieper, the Red Army inflicts another defeat on Germany, liberating Left-Bank Ukraine and Crimea.
2) Military operations in other theaters of war.
Question to students
In which theaters did the Allies mostly fight?
Answer: Pacific with Japan and North Africa with Germany and Italy
November 8 1942 in Morocco a large Anglo-American landing force lands, having overcome 900 km, enter into Tunisia, where by this time the Germans had transferred part of their troops from Western Europe.
Meanwhile, the British army goes on the offensive in Libya. The Italo-German troops stationed here could not hold out at El Alamein and by February 1943, having suffered heavy losses, they retreat to Tunisia. 20th of March United Anglo-American troops go on the offensive deep into the territory Tunisia. The Italo-German command is trying to evacuate its troops to Italy, but by that time british navy fully owned Mediterranean and cut off all escape routes. may 13 Italo-German troops capitulate.
July 10 1943 allies landed v Sicily. The Italian troops stationed here surrender almost without a fight. In September 1943 Anglo-American troops land in the south of the Apennine Peninsula. Badoglio signs a truce with them and announces Italy's withdrawal from the war. However, taking advantage of the confusion of the allies, Hitler liberates Mussolini, and a puppet state is created in the north of the country Republic of Salo.
Troops USA and Great Britain rather slowly moving north. At the beginning 1944 they make three unsuccessful attempts to break through the enemy defenses on the river Garigliano and log in Rome. Only June 4 Allied armies succeed break through the defenses of the Italian capital held by German troops.]
From August 1942 to February 1943, Japanese and American forces fight for control of the island. Guadalcanal within the archipelago Solomon islands. In this battle of attrition, in the end, the winner is United States. In November 1943 Allies manage to capture the Japanese island Tarawa.
3) Anti-Hitler coalition
Anti-Hitler coalition - an association of states and peoples who fought in World War II 1939-45 against bloc of Axis Powers: Germany, Italy, Japan and them satellites. The anti-Hitler coalition was not a formal association, and the contribution of its participants to the fight against fascism is extremely uneven: some participants conducted active hostilities with Germany and its allies, others helped them with the supply of military products, and others participated in the war only nominally. So the military formations of some countries - Poland, Czechoslovakia, especially Yugoslavia, as well as Australia, Belgium, India, Canada, New Zealand, the Philippines, Ethiopia and others - took part in hostilities. Individual states of the anti-Hitler coalition (for example, Mexico) helped its main participants mainly with the supply of military raw materials. The number of coalition members increased during the war; By the time the war with Japan ended, 53 states of the world were at war with Germany and its allies.
The forerunner of the Anti-Hitler coalition, the coalition " Western Allies» arose after the invasion Nazi Germany to Poland in 1939, when allied mutual assistance agreements connected with the latter and among themselves entered the war Great Britain, France and some other countries.
Before the German attack in 1941, the USSR was not among the Anti-Hitler coalition.
The broad Anti-Hitler coalition formed first in spirit after the governments' statements USA and Great Britain on supporting the Soviet Union after the German attack on it, and then on bilateral and multilateral documents as a result of lengthy negotiations between the governments of the three powers on mutual support and joint actions.
Question for students: Did the help of the Anti-Hitler Coalition of the USSR play a role?
Answer: Yes, the shortage of weapons and ammunition was filled at the initial stage of the Great Patriotic War precisely with the help of the Anti-Hitler coalition, with the supply of weapons.
The most significant events in the course of the coalition: Moscow meeting (1941), Atlantic charter(August 1941), Washington Declaration of Twenty-Six(Declaration of the United Nations, January 1942), Tehran Conference (1943), Bretton Woods Conference (1944), Yalta conference(March 1945).
The assistance received by the Soviet Union from participation in the Anti-Hitler Coalition, unlike that for other countries, can be assessed by various sources as significant and as insignificant - see below. lend-lease.
The influence of the coalition on the military and post-war political landscape is enormous; on its basis, UN
4) The final stage of World War II.
June 6 1944 allied forces USA, Great Britain and Canada after two months of diversionary maneuvers, they conduct a major landing operation and land in Normandy, thereby opening second front.
In August, landings were dropped in the south France, liberated cities Toulon and Marseilles. 25-th of August allies are in Paris, which by that time was already almost completely controlled by the French resistance units.
In September, the allied offensive into the territory begins Belgium. By the end 1944 the Germans with great difficulty manage to stabilize the front line in the west. December 16 The Germans launch a counteroffensive Ardennes, which becomes a complete surprise for the allies. The Germans manage to advance 100 km inland Belgium, however, by the end of January 1945, they stop, and then completely transfer troops to the Eastern Front, where the Soviet army begins the Vistula-Oder operation. Since February 1945, hostilities have been transferred to German territory. Germany by that time, she had begun to transfer her main forces to defense Berlin, and therefore the Germans did not have serious defense in the west.
V Italy The Allied advance was very slow. Despite their best efforts, they never succeeded in the end. 1944 break through the front line and cross the river By.April 28 1945 Italian partisans capture and execute Mussolini. Completely Northern Italy was cleared of the Germans only in May 1945.
Soviet offensive
Question to students: in what year did Finland leave the war?
Reply in 1944
Summer 1944 The offensive of the Red Army begins along the entire front line. By autumn, almost all of the Belarus, Ukraine, the Baltics. Only in the west of Latvia was the encircled grouping of German troops able to hold out until the end of the war.
As a result of the offensive of Soviet troops in the north Finland announced its withdrawal from the war. However, German troops refuse to leave Finnish territory. As a result, the former "brothers in arms" are forced to fight against each other. In August, as a result of the offensive, the Red Army withdraws from the war Romania, in September - Bulgaria. The Germans begin to evacuate troops from the territory Yugoslavia and Greece where people's liberation movements take power into their own hands.
In February 1945, the Budapest operation, after which the last European ally of Germany - Hungary- forced to capitulate. The attack begins at Poland, the Red Army occupies East Prussia.
At the end of April 1945, the battle for berlin. Realizing my complete defeat, Hitler and Goebbels committed suicide. May 8 after stubborn two-week battles for the German capital, the German command signs an act of unconditional surrender. Germany is divided into four occupation zones: Soviet, American, British and French.
May 14-15 in northern Slovenia the last battle of World War II took place in Europe, during which People's Liberation Army of Yugoslavia defeated the German troops and numerous forces of collaborators.
Pacific Theater of Operations
On the pacific ocean the fighting was also quite successful for the allies. V June 1944 Americans have mastered Mariana Islands. In October In March 1945, stubborn battles began for the southern Japanese islands. Iwo Jima and Okinawa.
After the end of the war in Europe, the last enemy of the countries of the anti-fascist coalition remained Japan. By that time, about 60 countries had declared war on Japan. However, despite the prevailing situation, the Japanese were not going to capitulate and announced the conduct of the war to a victorious end. In June 1945, the Japanese lost Indonesia were forced to leave Indochina. 26 July In 1945, the United States, Great Britain and China issued an ultimatum to the Japanese, but it was rejected. August 6 on the Hiroshima, and three days later Nagasaki were dropped atomic bombs, and as a result, two cities were almost wiped off the face of the earth. 8 August The USSR declared war on Japan, and on August 9 launched an offensive and within 2 weeks inflicted a crushing defeat on the Japanese Kwantung Army v Manchuria. On September 2, an act of unconditional surrender was signed. Japan. The biggest war in human history is over.
5) The results of the war
The Second World War had a huge impact on the fate of mankind. It was attended by 62 states (80% of the world's population). Military operations were conducted on the territory of 40 states. 110 million people were mobilized into the armed forces. The total human losses reached 50-55 million people, of which 27 million people were killed on the fronts. The greatest human losses were suffered by the USSR, China, Germany, Japan and Poland.
Military spending and military losses totaled $4 trillion. Material costs reached 60-70% of the national income of the warring states. Only industry the USSR, USA, Great Britain and Germany manufactured 652.7 thousand aircraft (combat and transport), 286.7 thousand tanks, self-propelled guns and armored vehicles, over 1 million artillery pieces, over 4.8 million machine guns (excluding Germany), 53 million rifles, carbines and machine guns, and a huge amount of other weapons and equipment. The war was accompanied by colossal destruction, destruction of tens of thousands of towns and villages, incalculable disasters of tens of millions of people.
As a result of the war, the role of Western Europe in global politics. The main powers in the world were the USSR and the USA. Great Britain and France, despite the victory, were significantly weakened. The war showed the inability of them and other Western European countries to maintain huge colonial empires. In the countries of Africa and Asia, the anti-colonial movement intensified. V Eastern Europe occupied by Soviet troops, socialist regimes were established. One of the main results of World War II was the creation United Nations, based on the Anti-Fascist Coalition formed during the war, to prevent world wars in the future.
Fascist and Nazi ideologies were recognized as criminal in Nuremberg Trials and prohibited. Support for the communist parties grew in many Western countries, thanks to their active participation in the anti-fascist struggle during the war.
Europe capitalist) and eastern ( socialist cold war.
Lesson Summary:
So, today we looked at the turning point during the Second World War. We traced the contribution of the countries of the anti-fascist alliance to the victory over Germany and Japan, the main battles and treaties. However, the most surprising thing in the history of the war is that our country, being in catastrophic conditions in 1941, was able to stop the German troops and go on the offensive, liberating their cities from the invaders, under the fire of the enemy, the soldiers achieved success, and the population gave the front in a timely manner uniforms, provisions, developed in the shortest possible time, a weapon that simply did not exist.
As they say, someone with a sword will come to us from the sword and die.
Consolidation of the lesson:
Today we have considered the turning point and the end of the Second World War.
1. What event is considered the beginning of a turning point in the course of World War II?
Germany's defeat in the Battle of Kursk. However, many tend to believe that the foundation was laid in the Battle of Talingrad.
2. What assistance did the Anti-Hitler Coalition of the USSR provide?
the shortage of weapons and ammunition was replenished at the initial stage of the Great Patriotic War precisely with the help of the Anti-Hitler coalition, with the supply of weapons.
3. What was the result of the war?
The division of Berlin between the USSR, Britain, USA, France. Europe was divided into two camps: Western ( capitalist) and eastern ( socialist). Relations between the two blocs deteriorated sharply within a couple of years after the end of the war. started cold war.
6) Student assessment
Homework:
§twenty. pp.141-146. Draw up a prospectus "the main events of World War II"
Development of a history lesson in grade 9 Topic: The Second World War is the biggest tragedy in the history of mankind.
Tembaeva T.N., teacher of history and geography, Voskresenskaya secondary school, Kachir district, Pavlodar region, KazakhstanMaterial Description: In this lesson development, students will get acquainted with the course of World War II according to the plan:
1. Causes and nature of the war. 2. The beginning of the war, stages and battles.
The material I have proposed will be of interest to teachers and high school students.
Thing: Story
Class: 9
Topic: World War II is the biggest tragedy in human history.
The objectives of the study of the topic: Acquaintance with the course of the Second World War.
Lesson objectives:
1. Reveal the causes and nature of the Second World War. To acquaint with the actions of such large states as Germany, Italy, Japan, which caused the outbreak of World War II.
2. Develop abstract thinking.
3. Education of humane qualities.
Lesson type: combined.
Materials and equipment: map “World War II”, “Great Patriotic War”.
Topic study plan:
1. Causes and nature of the war.
2. The beginning of the war, stages and battles.
3. The Great Patriotic War of the Soviet Union.
4. Anti-Hitler coalition.
5. The main factors of the victory of the USSR and its allies, the scale and results of the war.
During the classes:
I. Stage of the lesson- Organizing timeGoal: emotional, positive attitude to the lesson
1. Strategy "Airplane with a motto" (to get to know each other better, development of critical thinking) - students write each soy motto on a sheet, fold an airplane from a sheet and launch it in the classroom, students guess whose airplane they got.
2. Building by height, calculation for 1.2 - the formation of two groups, the choice of speaker, the name of the group
3. Output on the topic: “Now we will look at the drawings (the drawings show pictures of war, battles, destroyed cities). You need to think about what the topic of our lesson will be today.
Introduction Slide number 1: Relevance of the topic: 70th anniversary of the Victory
II. Homework survey: Strategy "Snowball" (at first, each student thinks individually, then in a pair, group, and make a common decision). Task: Describe international relations in the 20-30s, relations between the USSR and Western countries.
III. Exploring a new topic
1. Filling out the table: I know, I want to know, I learned about the Second World War (individually, discussion in a group, filling out a common card, the speaker voices the general decision), students at the beginning of the lesson fill out the first two columns (I know, I want to know)
2. Working in groups on issues - the strategy "Think in pairs - share":
1) The range of the Second World War, the state of military equipment, the strategy and tactics of war.
2) Military plans of Germany, Italy, Japan.
H) Compare and compare the military and economic power of the countries of the fascist bloc and Western countries.
4) Indicate the main reasons for the start of the war.
5) Find out the reasons for the victory of Germany in 1939-1941.
6) German policy in the regions of occupation, their new order in Europe, the emergence of the struggle against fascism.
Peer Evaluation (use of "Scorecards")
3. Work in a notebook - we write down, remember, the main chronological data, they will be useful to you, when fixing, we will compose questions and answer them ourselves.
Periodization of World War II
The first period (September 1, 1939 - June 1942) - ________________.
The second period (June 1942 - January 1944) - ___________________.
The third period (January 1944 - September 2, 1945) - ______________.
Turning point in the war
Jan 1 1942 _________________________________________________.
June 4-7, 1942 ______________________________________________.
Oct. 1942 __________________________________________________.
A radical change on the Soviet-German front -
Battle of Stalingrad ______________________________________________;
Battle of the Kursk Bulge _______________________________________;
The collapse of the fascist regime of Mussolini, the withdrawal of Italy from the tripartite pact and the declaration of war on Germany _________________________________;
Tehran Conference of the Heads of Government of the USA, USSR and England ____________________________________________________________;
4. Viewing an excerpt from the film - "Protection of the city of Moscow"
5. Discussion in a group, drawing up questions for 4 each group.
Peer Evaluation (use of "Scorecards")
6. Show on the map - the places of the main battles of the Second World War
IV. Consolidation.
1. Strategy "Circle Time" - Give an assessment and analysis of the Second World War.
2. Charting Vienna, World War II and the Great Patriotic War.
3. Filling in the last column of the table: I learned about the Second World War (individually, discussion in a group, filling out a common card, the speaker voices the general decision)
Homework:
1. Fill in the table "Chronological events of the Second World War and the Great Patriotic War"
2. On the contour map, mark the places of the main battles.
3. Write an essay "Heroes of the Great Patriotic War"
Presentation on the topic: World War II
Causes and the beginning of World War II
war. Events
history teacher dosh number 88
"senior teacher"
Theme I: World War II (Year)
Lesson topic: Causes and beginning of World War II.
Events
Purpose: To reveal the causes and nature of the Second World War; give a description of the course of hostilities in the city; describe the main battles of this period; to consolidate the skills of analysis and comparison of historical material, the ability to consider historical phenomena in specific historical conditions; educate students in the spirit of patriotism, national consciousness and dignity.
Type of lesson: mastering new knowledge.
Educational visual aids and equipment:
Piper history. The latest period (gg.): Proc. for 11 cells. general education textbook establishments. - Zaporozhye: Premier.
Reader
Map: "Second World War",
Atlas. Maps in the textbook.
Comprehensive learning tablet (mini-textbook)
Isomontage "Beginning of World War 2"
Universal cards-tests for consolidating and repeating educational
material.
Proc. film fragment "World War II" Part I.
Basic concepts and terms: “Blitzkrieg”, aggression, World War II, occupation, “Liberation Campaign” of the Red Army, Tripartite Pact, “Winter War”, plans for Operation Weiss, “Weser Exercises”, “Grun”, “Sea Lion” "," Marita.
Introduction by the teacher. Historical facts.
Introductory speech of the teacher:
The history of mankind knows a great many wars. But two of them have no equal in terms of the scale of destruction and human losses. Both wars took place in the 20th century, and all the major states of the world took part in them. The wars came from Germany; main fighting; unfolded in Europe.
More than 60 countries took part in World War II, in whose territory more than 80% of the world's population lived. The fighting took place in Europe, Asia, Africa, Oceania on an area of 22 million km2 in the expanses of the World Ocean. During the war years, 110 million people were drafted into the armies of the warring states.
According to various sources, from 50 to 65-67 million people died on the fronts of the 2nd World War, 90 were injured or maimed; about half of the dead were civilians. Material damage reached 4 trillion. dollars.
4. Announcement, presentation of the topic and expected results;
A. - Announcement of the topic of the lesson;
B.- Lesson plan;
1) Causes, nature, periodization of World War 2;
2) The beginning of World War II. Fighting in 1939-
B. - Write out new concepts from the board in the abstract; D. - Expected learning outcomes:
After this lesson
* you will know the causes, nature and periodization of World War 2;
* you will be able to characterize the reasons for the change in the nature of the war after the entry of the USSR into it; assess the historical features of I. Stalin in the beginning. 2 world war;
* you will be able to express a personal assessment of such a historical phenomenon as war
Remind students that at the end of the lesson they will be tested to see if they have achieved these results.
5. Learning new material:
one). Causes, character, periodization of the Second World War.
A. Causes of the war;
/ Reading with textbook text marking. Highlight with a pencil in the text 1 reasons for the war /
B. The nature of the war; (teacher's story)
Aggressive states sought to expand their own territories, conquer markets and sources of raw materials - that is, achieve world domination and establish a "new order". On the part of these states, the war was of an aggressive nature.
For countries that were subjected to aggression and were occupied, the war was just. It is more difficult to determine the nature of the war in relation to the USSR. In the period from September 17, 1939 to June 22, 1941, he himself acted as an aggressor, annexing significant territories that by that time belonged to Poland, Romania, Finland, as well as the Baltic states / Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania /. But after the German attack, the USSR bore the brunt of the fight against fascist Germany, and for it the war was just. It was rightly called the Great Patriotic War.
B. Periodization of the Second World War / school lecture /
There are several options for the periodization of the Second World War.
We will write one of them:
Option I. Stage I. September 1, 1939 to November 1942 The strategic initiative belongs to the aggressive states. Germany, Italy, Japan and their allies managed to seize significant territories in Europe, Asia, and Oceania.
Sample answer: The reasons for the victories of Germany in the city of
1 - The use by Germany of the concept of "blitzkrieg" / "blitzkrieg" /, which gave it advantages if the enemy significantly outnumbered the attacking side in military force and equipment.
2 - A clear interaction between the combat arms of the German army, especially tanks and aircraft.
3 - England and France, hoping to reach peace agreements, conceded the strategic initiative to Germany, giving preference to defensive actions.
4 - Germany managed to avoid a war on two fronts.
5 - Mobilization of all German resources for the war.
Lesson topic:World War II (1939-1945) .
The purpose of the lesson: To reveal the causes and nature of the Second World War, to tell about its results and consequences,
emphasize that in its origin it was imperialist, and from the side
fascist states - an unjust, predatory war.
Tell about the main stages, major battles, achievements of military equipment.
Pay special attention of students to the formation of the anti-fascist coalition and its actions,
emphasizing that its main tasks were the opening of a second front in Europe.
To instill in students a dislike for any military action.
Lesson type: Classical.
Lesson method: Story, questions and answers.
Equipment: World map, illustration.
Lesson plan: 1. Org. moment.
2. D/Z check.
3. Explanation of the new topic.
a) Causes and nature of the war.
B) The beginning of the war, stages and battles.
D) Anti-Hitler coalition.
D) The scale and results of the war.
4. Fixing a new topic.
5. Homework.
D/Z check :
1. What contradictions determined the course of international relations after the end of World War I
2. What is the essence of the Dawes Plan?
3. What policy did the League of Nations pursue?
4. Describe the "era of pacifism."
5. What policy did Germany, Italy and Japan pursue?
Causes and nature of the war .
World War II lasted 6 years: 01.09.1939 G. - 02.09.1945 d. Covered all continents and oceans. participated in the war 61 state.
Character- from Germany, Italy and Japan - predatory. On the part of England, France, the USSR and other countries - liberation.
The beginning of the war, stages and battles .
01.09.1939 - Germany attacked Poland. 57 German divisions opposed 33 Polish divisions. Within two weeks, the capture of Poland was completed.
1939-12.03.1940 g. - Soviet-Finnish war. --- The USSR is expelled from the League of Nations. Ended with a truce.
England and France were inactive, hoping for the defense of the Maginot Line.
10.06.1940 Italy declared war on France and England. --- 22.06.1940 d. - France and Germany signed a peace agreement, and 25.06.1940 g. - in Rome with Italy. --- France ceased hostilities, + 2/3 of the territory retreated to Germany. The army was disarmed, and the former French Prime Minister Charles de Gaulle moved to England and called on all the French to war, founding the movement " Free France».
Germany was joined by Romania, Hungary, Bulgaria, Spain and Finland. Complete neutrality was maintained by Sweden, Switzerland and Ireland.
1940 - hostilities swept East and North Africa.
06.04.1941 d. - German troops captured Greece and Yugoslavia.
At the end of the summer 1941 Germany occupied 12 states of Europe. In these countries, a "new order" was established that violated democratic freedoms.
The entire economy of the occupied countries served Germany.
WWII .
18.12.1940 g. - Hitler signed the plan " Barbarossa”, aimed at capturing the USSR. The troops of Romania, Hungary, Finland, Italy, Slovakia, Croatia and Spain participated in this war on the side of Germany. = 190 divisions + 153 German divisions. = 80% of the German armed forces.
Germany was planning blitzkrieg» - « lightning war”, i.e. the capture of the USSR in 8-10 weeks.
22.06.1941 - Germany attacked the USSR.
As a result, by autumn 1941 Germany captured: the Baltic states, Moldova, Ukraine, Belarus, prepared the blockade of Leningrad and an attack on Moscow.
Only a courageous defense did not allow the fascist troops to carry out their plans.
16.11.1941 g. - in the battle under Dubosekovo 28 soldiers from the 316th division of General Panfilov I. took battle against 50 German tanks and stopped them. And in the battle near Moscow, officer B. Momysh-uly distinguished himself.
By the beginning of the Second World War, Germany concentrated 5.5 million people, 4300 tanks and 5000 aircraft on the border with the USSR.
Army of the USSR = 2.7 million people, 1475 tanks, 1540 aircraft.
1 war period = 1941-November 1942 gg. = the beginning of the blockade of Leningrad, the defense of the Brest Fortress, the Moscow battle with September on November 1941 g. - defense, s 5th of December- attack.
Defense of Stalingrad July 1942 G.
2 period war = November 1942 - late 1943 gg. = counteroffensive near Stalingrad, breakthrough in 1943 the blockade of Leningrad, the Battle of Kursk, the Tehran Conference of the Heads of the USSR, the USA and Great Britain.
3 war period = January 1944 - May 8, 1945 d. = opening of a second front, liberation.
Anti-Hitler coalition .
1939 g. - Japan entered the war at the river. Khalkin-Gol (Mongolia). The US Pacific Fleet was stationed at Pearl Harbor.
07.12.1941 - Japan attacked Pearl Harbor.
August 1941 Roosevelt and Churchill signed Atlantic charter where the aims of the war were determined. + supported the USSR.
11.12.1941 Germany and Italy declared war on the United States. This strengthened the anti-Hitler coalition.
1944 g. - SA liberated the territory of the USSR.
Start 1945 g. - the fascist bloc completely disintegrated. According to the Crimean (Yalta) conference in February 1945 Germany was divided into 4 occupation zones: Soviet, American, British and French.
30.04.1945 - Hitler shot himself. May 7 General Eisenhower, Commander-in-Chief of the Allied Forces, in the French city of Reims, signed the preliminary terms for the surrender of Germany. May 8- in Berlin under the chairmanship of Marshal Zhukov G.K. signed the act of unconditional surrender of Germany.
July-August 1945 d. - Potsdam Conference.
August 6, 1945- American planes dropped an atomic bomb on the Japanese city of Hiroshima, and 8 August to the city of Nagasaki, August 9 The USSR declared war on Japan and liberated part of China and Korea, Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands.
September 2, 1945 d. - On board the battleship Missouri, the Act of Unconditional Surrender of Japan was signed.
The scale and outcome of the war .
Social development accelerated during and after the war. This led to great achievements in the field of science and technology, the development of atomic energy.
In the countries participating in the war, 110 million people were mobilized, up to 55 million people died (over 20 million Soviet citizens).
Anchoring :
1. What are the causes of WWII?
2. What was the nature of WWII?
3. WWII years?
4. Years of the Second World War?
5. What made the Panfilov division famous?
6. Which battle was the turning point in the war?
7. What cities did the US drop atomic warheads on?
8. What is the significance and outcome of WWII?
