Rationale for choice example. Substantiation of the topic of the master's thesis
Topics for term papers are offered by the graduating department.
However, the topic can be proposed by the student himself, relying on his scientific interests, existing experience, as well as the continuity of the course work with the final qualifying work. In all cases, the student must, when presenting the topic, justify the expediency and relevance of its development. For a student who, for some reason, did not report to the department about the choice of a topic on time, the head of the department appoints a leader who gives the student a task at his own discretion.
The chosen topic is registered at the graduating department. After the expiration of the deadlines set for choosing a topic, a change in the topic is allowed only in exceptional cases upon a reasoned application of the student with the permission of the head of the graduating department.
Methodology of work on the chosen topic. The initial phase of the course work is the selection teaching aids, psychological, pedagogical, scientific, methodological and special literature, as well as information from periodicals (newspapers and magazines), Internet sources on the problem under study. It is recommended to use dictionaries, encyclopedias, reference books, etc. This will allow the student to understand the history of the issue and its current state, the relevance of the problem and the urgent need to solve it, the degree of development in theoretical research and the practice of teachers.
The student must select the necessary sources independently.
When reading literature, it is necessary to make extracts and in the future, presenting the material in a term paper, the student must approach the information critically, comprehend it in the conditions of the present and prospects, and have his own point of view.
The study and analysis of information sources lead to specifying the purpose and objectives of the work, the object and subject of the course research.
In the process of working on the course work, the plan may change due to the clarification or more complete mastering of the material, however, these changes should not divert from the coverage of the issues stated in the topic.
It is advisable to draw up a calendar work schedule that determines the sequence and timing of the individual parts of the course work.
The structure of the course work
The structural elements of the course work, as a rule, are the following elements:
· title page;
introduction;
· the main part, consisting of sections;
· conclusion;
a list of sources used;
applications.
Introduction.The purpose of the introduction is to characterize the relevance (modernity, significance, degree of importance) of the problem to which the course work is devoted. For greater persuasiveness, the student can give a motivated assessment of the accepted direction of research, both from a scientific and methodological point of view.
In the introduction must be specified purpose, tasks, object and subject of research.
The purpose of the course work is formulated briefly using verbs, for example: "define ...", "consider ...", "find out ...", "justify ...", "develop ...", etc.
Coursework tasks (no more than 3) reflect the sequence of disclosure of the stated topic. Among them, it is advisable to indicate the task associated with the study, analysis, generalization and systematization of the material on the problem under study.
Object of study is a process or phenomenon to be studied.
Subject of study- this is a certain aspect of the study of the object (what is within the boundaries of the object).
Main part. The main requirement for the main part of the course work is as follows: the generalized and systematized material must be presented in such a way that the teacher can clearly see what the author (student) is writing about and for what purpose.
The structure, content and volume of these sections, as well as their number, depend on the specifics of the topic of the work.
Good for the main body select 2-3 sections and do not divide them into subsections . It is necessary to ensure that the volume of sections is also proportionate to each other, for example, section 1 - 6 pages, section 2 - 7 pages, etc.
Sections should have meaningful and concise (short) headings that reflect the main essence of the section content.
First section can be of a general pedagogical analytical nature. When analyzing theoretical material the following mistakes should be avoided:
mechanical connection of unprocessed passages from different sources;
continuous quoting without analysis and generalizations.
Next Sections can be devoted to the methodological aspects of the problem under study. The text of these sections depends on what is to be investigated: the implementation of the principles of technology learning, content planning educational material or methods, forms, application of TCO, development of didactic tools, control of student achievement, etc.
In the course work, it is necessary to provide for the development of outline plans for various types of lessons or fragments of technology lessons, setting goals, establishing links with other academic disciplines, motivating the choice of an object of work for schoolchildren, methods and forms of organizing educational work, safety rules, workplace organization, materials used , tools, equipment and fixtures, etc. The used didactic materials (task cards, control cards, images of visual aids, etc.) must be attached to the outline plans.
Each section of the course work should have a conclusion, which emphasizes the peculiarity of the information systematized in it. For the conclusion, it is advisable to use the words: "Thus, ...", "So, ...".
Conclusion. In conclusion, a brief summary of all the material presented in the course work is given, and the results obtained are evaluated. This assessment is given from the point of view of the compliance of the completed research with the goal and objectives.
List of used sources. The list should contain information about the sources used in the course work, including publications of all types.
Applications. Almost every course work completed has auxiliary (secondary) material containing, for example: tables, graphs, drawings, instructions, descriptions of diagrams, illustrations, photographs, etc. However, when included in the main sections, this material clutters up the text, distracts from main idea. Therefore, it is advisable to put such information in applications, which are drawn up as a continuation of the course work on subsequent sheets, arranging them in the order in which links appear in the text.
Applications are given at the end of the work, after the list of sources used.
Municipal educational institution high school №17
Bogoroditsky district, Tula region
Creative project on technology
Head: Grechishkina O.V. technology teacher
Content
Introduction ……………………………………………………3
The purpose of the project ………………………………………………...4
Project objectives ……………………………………………...4
Rationale for project selection ……………………………...5
Main part
From the history of soft toys …………………………….…..6
Safety regulations ……………………….……7
Materials and tools ………………………………...8
Product execution technique ………………………………9
Final stage
Economic justification of the project ……………………..10
Aesthetic justification of the project ……………………….10
Environmental justification of the project ……………………...10
Self-assessment of activities ………………………………….11
Analysis of the finished work ………………………………… ..11
Conclusion
List of sources used …………………….13
Goal of the work:
Master the technique of sewing and crocheting,
make a soft toy with your own hands.
Tasks:
Explore the development of toy days.
The finished toy must match the size of the pattern.
Self-fulfillment when doing work with your own hands.
Rationale for the choice of project topic
During my studies at school, at the lessons of technology, my skills and abilities in arts and crafts improved. At the technology lessons, we were engaged in needlework: we embroidered with woolen threads, beads, made souvenirs and gifts, and sewed soft toys.
It was necessary to choose the topics of the creative project, and I decided to make a soft toy, since we got acquainted with this type of needlework recently and it interested me the most.
Having reviewed several handicraft encyclopedias, in many of them I was attracted by toys - dolls, flowers, fairy-tale characters. However, I decided to make a soft toy. I wanted to learn the history of the development of the toy and show my skills in a new job for me.
Toy Development History
The art of making toys is one of the most ancient forms of folk art. artistic creativity. Everyone loves toys: children and adults. For children, it is a fun game; adults are happy to look at beautiful, funny toys that bring them true joy, transfer them to the world of childhood, cause a kind smile.
The toy has always accompanied man. Various kinds of toys were found in the burials of Egypt, Greece, the Roman Empire. In distant times. When there were no special workshops producing toys, they were created by craftsmen - handicraftsmen who worked alone or by family members. These were the first folk toy artists who passed on their skills from generation to generation. The originality of the manufacture of toys is determined by the conditions of life and work, the customs of the people, the national character, climatic conditions and the material used. So, in areas rich in forests, toys, as a rule, were made of wood, in places rich in clay deposits - from clay. Wooden and clay toys have been known in Rus' since ancient times. The oldest toys found on the territory of our country date back to the 2nd millennium BC. e. These are miniature hunting tools - bows, arrows, hatchets, household items, rattles.
Various toys found in graves ancient egypt, Greece, China. These are dolls made of wood and fabric, leather balls, animal figurines carved from soft stone, mammoth tusks. From time immemorial came to us the tradition of a sewing toy - a doll sewn from shreds of fabric, fur.
Sometimes the toy was given a magical meaning. For example, various whistles, rattles, according to the pagan beliefs of the ancient Slavs, drove away evil spirits with their whistle and noise. For the same reasons, the image of the face of the doll was forbidden, therefore, in home-made rag dolls of different nations, instead of the image of the face, you can see a pattern in the form of a cross, rhombus, square.
The earliest toys of Ancient Rus', found on the territory of ancient Russian cities - Kyiv, Novgorod, Moscow, Kolomna, Radonezh - date back to approximately X-XVcenturies Scientists have established handicraft production of toys in Kyiv and Novgorod already inX- XIIIcenturies On the high skill of Moscow toy pottersXIV- XVIIcenturies Findings in Zaryadye, on the territory of the former Goncharnaya Sloboda, testify. Plots of toys of this time: horses, bears, birds - whistles, as well as funny figures of horsemen, buffoons-horns.
The traditions of true art continue to live and develop today.
Safety regulations
Working with needles and pins
Sew with a thimble.
Keep needles with pins in a certain place (special box, pillow, etc.), do not leave them at the workplace (table), in no case take needles, pins in your mouth.
Do not use a rusty needle for sewing.
Attach the patterns to the fabric with the sharp ends of the pins away from you.
When working with scissors.
Store scissors in a specific place (box).
Lay them closed, points away from you.
During work, you can not be distracted, but be attentive.
Materials and tools
Needle -1 pc.
Tailor's chalk - 1 pc.
Threads: black and white - 1 spool
Fabric, synthetic winterizer - scraps, leftovers
Yarn - leftovers
Hook number 2 - 1 pc.
Eyes - 2 pcs.
Glue - 1 fl.
Fur
Product technology.
I select the material and prepare it for work.
I make patterns out of cardboard.
I put the finished pattern on the wrong side of the fur, press it tightly and circle it with chalk (marker or soap).
2 pieces for the head
4 pieces for the ear,
4 parts of the front foot,
4 parts of the back foot,
2 toe parts,
2 sole pieces
2 breast pieces, 2 tail pieces,
1 piece of muzzle trim (white),
2 cheek pieces (white)
Pants: 36 cm long, 11 cm wide
1 piece bottom of panties
I sew all these details with a hidden seam, I leave the lower part not sewn up (for stuffing)
I stuff the toy with padding polyester, except for the ears
I sew all the details
Collecting a toy
Crochet handbag:
4 rows without a crochet and 5 rows with a crochet.
From one end of the bag I collect air loops 27 and fasten it to the other end.
I knit a scarf:
4 rows without yarn, round off one end to form a loop. Make a brush on the other end.
Economic justification of the project
Threads - 10 rubles
Yarn - 10 rubles
Glue - 15 rubles
Eyes - 5 rubles
Fur, synthetic winterizer, needle, scissors, fabric - were available
Total: 40 rubles
Conclusion: The cost of a soft toy was 40 rubles. It is much cheaper than the finished product bought in the store. In addition, handmade things keep the warmth of the pleasant hours that I spent at this work.
Aesthetic justification
The product has a finished look. It is beautiful. Accurately matched colors of fur and the contrast of knitwear. Produced with high quality in compliance with all requirements for work.
Environmental rationale
This design work is made of environmentally friendly material. The manufacture and operation of a soft toy will not entail changes in the environment, violations of human life.
Self-assessment of activities
I really like my toy. In general, handmade toys have many advantages.
Specification
Grade
Explanation
economy
high
Similar work in the store costs much more than I spent
Aesthetics
high
The product is beautiful, the contrast of colors of the product and finish is precisely matched
Complexity
high
Sewing requires great care, accuracy and patience.
Manufacturing speed
high
Requires a certain amount of time
Finished work analysis
I really enjoyed working on this project, as I got acquainted with a new technique for sewing a soft toy. She mastered the skills of sewing and crocheting, shaping them into a finished composition. In relation to work, she became neat, assiduous, patient, hardworking. I think this project has been a success. I like my job very much. It will be the decoration of my room.
White, hares in winter.
Grey, bunnies in summer.
light brown
My toy bunny.
I am a soft toyYou can play with meYou will cry into meYou will hug meBut you don't understandThat you can't take your heart awayYou do seeI am not a living toycontact meHow the soul is better.But no one will understandI'm from outsideThe mask is onAnd inside of meAs if there is nothingAnd I have a soulAnd she is invisibleShe shielded herselfLots of furYou don't noticeSometimes meAnd I'm callingWhen I'm bored without you.I screamBut I don't hear an answer.I'm a soft toyI have no secrets from you
How to substantiate a topic
It is an obligatory stage of work on the dissertation. It will allow you to understand the depth of the topic, realize its importance and develop directions for writing a master's thesis.
Master's is a special type of final qualifying work and is carried out under the supervision of a supervisor with subsequent defense before the examination committee.
A master's thesis differs from a bachelor's final qualification work by a thorough theoretical study of the problem, from a specialist's thesis by a scientific focus of the research.
IN substantiation of the topic of master's work the following should be displayed:
- Relevance of the research topic,
- object and subject of research,
- target,
- tasks,
- supposed scientific novelty,
- theoretical and practical significance,
- base for approbation and implementation of research results,
- the structure of the master's
- master's theses.
Before proceeding to substantiate the topic of the master's thesis, it is necessary to choose and correctly formulate the topic of research. When choosing a master's topic, it is necessary to think in advance about the relevance and usefulness of the results of the upcoming research.
Then you should turn to the scientific literature related to your chosen master's topic. It is necessary to thoroughly study all available literature on the subject of your research. Separately, the importance of information retrieval on the topic should be highlighted. It will allow you to more accurately determine the degree of connection of the research topic with previous scientific research and previously defended works.
After formulating the topic and studying the literature, you need to clearly formulate relevance.
An important stage is the reflection in the substantiation of the theme of master's work the degree of knowledge of the research topic.
After that, it is formed the purpose of the master's study. From the formulated goal, tasks should be formulated that will reflect the essence of the work and its structure.
An important step in substantiating the theme of master's work is the reflection of research methods. Methodological basis of the study is based on a system of general scientific and particular scientific methods.
Then, the empirical basis of the master's thesis, the information base of the study and the theoretical base are reflected in the substantiation of the master's topic.
After that, in the substantiation of the topic of the master's thesis, they reflect which the results are expected to be based on the results of a practical study. This description should reflect novelty or elements of scientific novelty.
Then, in the substantiation of the master's topic, the structure of the study is fixed. It is important to remember that the structure of the study is determined by its goals and objectives. The dissertation work consists of an introduction, a number of chapters and paragraphs determined by the work plan, a conclusion and a list of sources and applications used.
The structure of the substantiation of the topic of the master's thesis
The structure of the substantiation of the master's topic based on the key stages of its creation. Let's look at each section in detail below.
The text of substantiation of the master's topic begins with wording of the relevance of the work. In this section, it is necessary to show the relevance of the scientific problem being solved, not only in practical terms, but, most importantly, the need for scientific study of the formulated research topic. For this purpose, scientific research works over the past 3-5 years on related topics are indicated in relevance, the issues resolved in these works are briefly characterized, and based on their critical analysis, issues that need to be resolved are identified. The rationale for relevance should relate only to the research topic under consideration, and not describe all the problems in this scientific direction.
The next step is to consider the degree of knowledge of the topic. In this section, it is necessary to clearly and clearly characterize the state of the problem: in the form of an unresolved issue or situation, clarification of a theoretical or practical goal, etc. At the same time, it is necessary to list the key specialists who addressed a particular problem related to the topic of the master's thesis.
After, we formulate goals and objectives of master's work. The achievement of the goal of the study is facilitated by clearly formulated research objectives, which, in essence, are the decomposition of the goal into a number of particular subgoals. If the goal determines the research strategy, then the tasks define the research tactics. There are usually three to four tasks that need to be solved to achieve the goal of the study.
Then we turn to the formulation of the subject and object of research. The object and subject of research as categories of the scientific process are related to each other as general and particular.
An object research is always broader than its subject. An object is the area of activity item is the process under study within the framework of the object of study.
In the object, that part of it is singled out, which serves as the subject of research. The mastery of determining the subject of research depends on how close the undergraduate is to the sphere of the most relevant states of the object and the area of significant connections and elements, the change of which affects the entire system of the organization of the object.
An important section of the substantiation of the theme of master's work is list of research methods. The characteristic of the methodological part in substantiating the topic of the master's work involves a description of the methods for collecting scientific and practical information and its processing.
Methodology - a sequence of solving particular problems based on the chosen research method, a system of conditions, requirements and limitations of the study.
Research methods and techniques serve as tools in solving the research goal.
An equally important section of the substantiation of the topic of the master's thesis is the description of the empirical basis, the information base of the study and the theoretical base. The theoretical basis of the dissertation research make up the works of domestic and foreign experts on the topic of master's. Information base of the master's compile statistical data of the Federal State Statistics Service, the Central Bank Russian Federation, regulatory legal acts, etc. and so on.
Section reflective theoretical and practical significance and novelty of the master's is based on a detailed analysis of existing problems and trends within the research topic.
The structure of the study is determined by its goals and objectives. In the final part of the substantiation of the master's theme, it is necessary to briefly provide information about the structure of the work.
Introduction
Art is one of the most important and interesting phenomena in the life of society, part of human activity. With the help of artistic images, art conveys ideas in the unity of content. However, the artistic image appears completely different in different types of art. Each type of art has its own specifics, sets its own tasks and creates its own means and techniques to solve them. All arts have their own language and a certain uniqueness of artistic possibilities.
Displaying the world by means of fine art, the artist simultaneously embodies his thoughts, feelings, aspirations and ideals in a work of art. He reproduces the phenomena of life and at the same time gives them his assessment, explains their essence and meaning, expresses his perception of the world. Art can be created not only by accurately reproducing nature, but also with the help of imagination, fiction, fantasy.
The ability to see nature in one's own way, to feel subtle lyrical motifs in it and, on the basis of them, to create a vivid figurative solution - this is the quality that defines a creative person.
Rationale for the choice of topic
Landscape is one of the most emotional areas of art.
The landscape is always an artistic image of nature, its interpretation is not separated both from the styles that dominate art, and from the view of nature and the place of man in it, which characterizes the era. At the center of the philosophy of landscape is always the question of the relationship of man to the environment, city or village.
The creative approach to the depiction of the landscape is based on those visual images and impressions that the painter receives when working from nature. Only as a result of communication with nature can inspiration appear, the concept of landscape compositions can mature. The color shades of the colorful palette convey a range of feelings in the picture, even without a clearly defined literary plot. Therefore, in the landscape, poetry of perception in the interpretation of nature is especially important. The landscape carries in itself a sensual expression of thought - this is its strength and effectiveness.
In numerous works of artists, a subtle, poetic beginning is combined with epic breadth, lyricism - with an optimistic mood. Behind the landscape is a man with his difficult thoughts and experiences.
The choice of the topic of my course work was carried out in such a form of fine art as painting.
The choice of the topic is due to the fact that in the process of studying at the university I had to deal with a variety of techniques that develop a creative individuality. Paintings evoked feelings of admiration in me. I decided to do my term paper in this particular genre using the oil painting technique, being interested in the possibilities of the landscape to convey the state of nature, to create lyrical images, or emotional, dynamic ones. It is the landscape that can show liveliness and sharpness, poetry and spirituality. Man and nature always exist side by side as a single undivided whole.
Oil technique presents a wide scope for creativity, the search for new techniques and techniques in painting. I like oil painting, using it you can depict complex states.
Oil painting can be reproduced on the plane of the depth of the depicted space, the light-air environment of the surrounding nature. Painting is able to display on the plane all the richness of color and light relations in their transitions and contrasts, which are diverse in nature.
Oil can be used to perform various types of work: from a rich relief image to writing out small twigs, leaves, blades of grass, the shape of which is emphasized by both primary and secondary colors.
The rationale consists of a description of the object of study, presentation and proof of the relevance of the topic, expected practical and theoretical significance, disclosure of the subject of research, scientific novelty, approbation base, explanation of the structure of the work. The actions to be taken in compiling the justification can be divided into several steps.
Step #1
Formulation of the topic. The initially chosen research topic is rather not final, and in the process of work, in the future, the name may change. It is important to reflect here the problem that the author is going to solve, as well as the subject and object of the work. The basic soil for formulating the topic is the specialty passport; in this document, the object and subject are reflected meaningfully and fully. It would be very advisable, when choosing a topic, to resort to the help of a leader.
Step #2
Directly, justification of the relevance of the work carried out by the applicant. Here it is important to show that the problem being solved is in demand in science both practically and because of the need for a theoretical study of the topic. Therefore, in terms of relevance, it is necessary to list the scientific works carried out on related topics by other scientists in five years. It is necessary to characterize the tasks solved by them; in compiling this characterization, methods of careful analysis should be applied. Critical review of previous studies determines the tasks that the author should solve. The justification touches on the topic only in the form that is considered at this stage, being chosen by the applicant for the dissertation; At the same time, it is not necessary to describe in detail all the problems that exist in this direction.
Step #3
In this part, it is important to formulate the objectives and goals of the study. These elements stem from the relevance that determined the range of issues that need to be resolved. The goal should be formulated in such a way that it gives an answer: how exactly it is necessary to achieve the solution of the problem arising from the research topic.
Thus, the goal is a kind of refinement of the topic. The formulated goal can be divided into 3-6 main questions of a practical and theoretical nature. Questions should be such that their solution allows to achieve the goal of the study. These questions are the very tasks of the work; that is, in relation to the goal, tasks are auxiliary questions to it.
Step #4
Next, you need to describe the scientific results that the author intends to achieve. Here it is necessary to fully reflect the novelty or elements that make up the scientific novelty of the work. The elements that make up the novelty should be harmoniously combined with the tasks and purpose of the work. The text describing the scientific novelty should state what was done for the first time in this study; it is necessary to describe what kind of results, which are not found in similar works, the author has achieved; what was unique was determined by him, what hitherto unsolved issues were resolved, what innovative conclusions were drawn up.
Step #5
An indication of the practical results that are expected to be obtained. Here it is necessary to state the possibility of applying the results in practice in various organizations, institutions and enterprises. If the study provides for the practical implementation of the results, it is important to indicate exactly where they are supposed to be applied, how. Do not get carried away with theories and designs. Implementation advice should be clear and implementable in the current environment. It is unacceptable to rely on a technical base that is under development; if one or another way of implementing the author's results is impossible in the existing realities, but requires the completion of other studies, such assumptions should not be made.
Final stage
At the last stage of the justification, additional materials on the research topic belonging to the author are described; this is the so-called scientific backlog - a list of all his scientific works related to the subject under study. Among other things, this includes a master's thesis, a description of work experience in various projects, evidence of participation in conferences. When the substantiation of the dissertation topic is agreed with the supervisor, it is discussed at the department; after this discussion, the rationale can be provided to the Academic Council. Finally, the rector approves the topic, and work on the dissertation must begin directly.
Do not forget: substantiation is an extremely important stage in the work of a graduate student, for the reason that without compiling this material, the applicant is not officially admitted to work on a dissertation and, accordingly, will not be able to defend his research. Of course, the graduate student must personally compose the rationale; but it is allowed to seek help and advice not only from the supervisor, but also from other teachers of the department.
If you want to get a better idea of what constitutes a justification for a dissertation topic, an example can be found at.
