Ministry of Emergency Situations: history of creation and development, main tasks. Heads of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia

TASS-DOSIER. On May 18, 2018, Russian President Vladimir Putin signed a decree appointing Yevgeny Zinichev, who previously held the post of Deputy Director of the Federal Security Service (FSB), as Head of the Russian Emergencies Ministry.

On December 27, 1990, by a decree of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR, the Russian Rescue Corps was created as the State Committee of the Republic, which in 1991 was reorganized into the State Committee of the RSFSR for Emergency Situations. In 1994, on its basis, the Ministry for Civil Defense, Emergency Situations and Elimination of Consequences of Natural Disasters (EMERCOM of Russia) was created.

Since 1991, the rescue department has been headed by two people - Sergei Shoigu and Vladimir Puchkov.

Sergei Shoigu (1991-2012)

Sergei Shoigu (born 1955), graduated from the Krasnoyarsk Polytechnic Institute with a degree in civil engineering. PhD in Economics (1996). Until 1988, he worked in construction trusts in the Krasnoyarsk Territory and the Tuva Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. Then he switched to party work, was the second secretary of the Abakan city committee, inspector of the Krasnoyarsk regional committee of the CPSU. In 1990-1991 He was the Deputy Chairman of the RSFSR State Committee for Architecture and Construction. April 17, 1991 was appointed head of the Russian Rescue Corps, then headed the State Committee of the Russian Federation for Emergency Situations. From January 20, 1994 to May 11, 2012, he headed the Ministry of Emergency Situations, during this period 12 prime ministers were replaced in the country. In January - May 2000, he combined leadership of the ministry with the post of Deputy Prime Minister of Vladimir Putin's government. In general, he was at the head of the rescue department for 7 thousand 695 days. During his tenure, he created a single structure from various rescue units of the country. At the same time, he was active in politics, in 2000-2004 he was the leader, then co-chairman of the Unity party (since 2003 - United Russia), participated in elections to the State Duma three times (each time he refused a deputy mandate after being elected) . In May - November 2012, he served as Governor of the Moscow Region. From November 6, 2012 - Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation. Hero of Russia (1999). General of the Army (2003).

Vladimir Puchkov (2012 - present)

Vladimir Puchkov (b. 1959), graduated from the Tyumen Higher Military Engineering Command School, the Military Engineering Academy. V. V. Kuibyshev, as well as the Russian Academy of Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation with a degree in "Manager of State and Municipal Administration". Since 1979, he served in the engineering troops of the Far Eastern Military District. In 1983-1986 was a senior officer of the Civil Defense Headquarters of the city of Kungur (Perm Region). In the 1990s taught at civil defense courses, then was the head of one of the departments of the All-Russian Research Institute for Civil Defense and Emergencies. In 1997, he moved to work in the Department of Measures to Protect the Population and Territories of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation, which he headed in 2003. Since 2006, he has been the head of the North-West Regional Center of the Ministry of Emergency Situations. In 2007, he was appointed Secretary of State - Deputy Head of the Ministry of Emergency Situations Sergei Shoigu. After his departure, from May 21, 2012, he headed the department. As of May 18, 2018, he served as minister for 2,189 days.

In the near future, there will be fewer staff managers in the Ministry of Emergency Situations, and more rescuers and inspectors.

The heads of high-ranking rescuers were the first to fly after the change of the head of the Ministry of Emergency Situations. Russian President Vladimir Putin by his decree dismissed the first deputy head of the Ministry of Emergency Situations Vladimir Stepanov.

Instead of Stepanov, Colonel-General Alexander Chupriyan, who has been deputy head of the Ministry of Emergency Situations since 2006, has been appointed the first deputy head of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation. Chupriyan is a native of St. Petersburg, a professional fireman.

It is planned that Chupriyan will oversee the activities of fire and rescue units. Another new deputy head of the Ministry of Emergency Situations, Yevgeny Zinicheva, Andrei Gurovich, a native of the special services, will oversee the department's finances.

Andrey Gurovich, ex-head of the Moscow Department of the Federal Treasury, previously served in the Federal Migration Service of the Russian Federation, where he was responsible for rear services and administrative bodies.

It is the financier Gurovich who will be engaged in establishing financial discipline in the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation and will conduct an audit of the department, the result of which, most likely, will be mass criminal cases on the theft of budget millions and abuse of power, a source in the Ministry of Emergency Situations told Life.

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Director of the financial and economic department of the Ministry of Emergency Situations Stanislav Pischurnikov. Photo: © EMERCOM of Russia

According to Life's interlocutors, surrounded by the First Deputy Head of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation Alexander Chupriyan, due to failures in work and the results of inspections of units in the regions after the tragedy in Kemerovo, the director of the department of supervisory activities and preventive work of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia, the chief state inspector of the Russian Federation for fire supervision may lose his post colonel of the internal service Rinat Enikeev.

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Major General Igor Kobzev. Photo: © EMERCOM of Russia

At a recent meeting, the head of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation, Evgeny Zinichev, said that the reduced structure of the department would effectively recruit professionals who would be able to competently and quickly perform their tasks and be the first to come to the rescue and save people's lives.

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Photo: © RIA Novosti / Mikhail Voskresensky

Ordinary employees of the fire and rescue units, with whom Life spoke, are very much looking forward to the reorganization and hope for a pay increase and technical re-equipment.

Yes, in the Nizhny Novgorod region, wages have not been raised since 2004. For the first time before the presidential election, they raised it by 4 percent. The driver of a fire truck had a salary of 21,000 rubles, but it became 22,000 - this is a laugh, - Nikolai complains from the fire and rescue unit of the Main Directorate of the Ministry of Emergencies of the Russian Federation in the Nizhny Novgorod Region. - Therefore, we have an understaff, and the average age of a fire truck is 10 years.

Nikolai really hopes that after the optimization of the managers, the department will increase the money and increase his salary by more than one thousand rubles.

Life failed to get a prompt comment about the reorganization that had begun in the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation.

After the fire

When Sergei Shoigu was the head of the Ministry of Emergency Situations, the ministry had the so-called first department - a unit that dealt with security within the department and was responsible for protecting the minister. Employees seconded from law enforcement agencies worked in it. Under Shoigu, the position of head of the security department of the Ministry of Emergency Situations for a long time was Vladimir Ganeev, who later became one of the defendants in the case of "werewolves in uniform." Under Vladimir Puchkov, the number of the first department was significantly reduced, to about ten people.

Evgeny Zinichev (Photo: Dmitry Astakhov / TASS)

The new head of the Ministry of Emergency Situations, Yevgeny Zinichev, from October 2016 until his appointment as minister in May 2018, was deputy director of the FSB. The first thing he did upon joining the department was to announce a comprehensive audit and strengthen internal security in the department.

A change in leadership at the Ministry of Emergency Situations followed, where in March 60 people, including 41 children, died during a fire. Relatives of the victims filed complaints about the work of firefighters with the Kemerovo prosecutor's office. In their opinion, the participants in the rescue operation acted inefficiently. The decision to leave Minister Vladimir Puchkov was made in mid-April - the fire "became the last claim" of the federal leadership to the minister, RBC sources said.

In total, the staffing of the central office provides for 817 employees. Of these, 480 civil servants, 96 military personnel and 241 employees of the federal fire service. Thus, the staff is not increasing: according to the presidential decree of 2016, the maximum number of employees of the central apparatus of the Ministry of Emergency Situations is set at 825 people.

“With the appointment of a new minister, the administrative weakness that was observed after the departure of Sergei Shoigu will be overcome,” said Artem Kiryanov, First Deputy Chairman of the Public Chamber Commission on Public Control. “Today, the ministry is being singled out as a separate significant unit with increased functionality and increased readiness.”

Not so long ago, the names of those who will be part of the new Government of the Russian Federation, formed by the new-old Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev, were announced. Many ministers have lost their posts in the Cabinet of Ministers, and Minister for Emergency Situations Vladimir Puchkov was no exception. Who came to replace him? The new Minister of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia in 2018: who is this person, biography, what is known, why exactly he headed the Ministry of Emergency Situations.

Vladimir Puchkov has headed the Ministry of Emergency Situations since May 21, 2012, replacing Sergei Shoigu, with whom the Ministry of Emergency Situations has long been inextricably associated in the minds of the vast majority of Russian citizens. During the years that Puchkov headed the Ministry of Emergency Situations, the population accumulated a considerable amount of claims against him, and therefore his resignation from the post of minister did not come as a surprise.

The first emergency that Puchkov faced was a flood in Krymsk, when 170 people died in July 2012. Then, as a result of the investigation of the Investigative Committee, it turned out that the organization of the notification was almost completely absent. No more than fifty people could hear the automated system, but it was too late.

Puchkov was also accused by the media of the death of a rescue team at the Severnaya mine in Komi, the crash of the Il-76, which put out fires near Irkutsk, and general systemic errors in the management of this ministry. There were even proposals to return the fire brigade to the Ministry of Internal Affairs, and to transfer civil defense to the Ministry of Defense.

The last straws for Puchkov were the fires in Rostov-on-Don and the Kemerovo shopping center "Winter Cherry". After them, film director Nikita Mikhalkov spoke with serious criticism of the Ministry of Emergencies, saying that for 2017, about 30% of the personnel were reduced in the Ministry of Emergencies, and up to 50% in guards. The result, according to Mikhalkov, was that the staff of the ministry simply did not have enough workers to put out fires. Puchkov then did not agree with Mikhalkov's opinion, saying that this was nonsense.

Vladimir Puchkov worked as Sergei Shoigu's deputy when he was the head of the Ministry of Emergency Situations, but after he became head of the ministry, it became clear that Puchkov did not reach the level of Shoigu.

Literally a few days ago, Evgeny Zinichev was appointed to the post of Minister of Emergency Situations, who was proposed for this role by the head of the Cabinet of Ministers, Dmitry Medvedev. President Vladimir Putin approved Zinichev in this position.

Thus, Yevgeny Zinichev became a member of the new government. As for the politician's biography, there is no very detailed information about him on the Internet. It is only known that Zinichev in 1987-2015. worked in various positions in the field of state security.

Evgeny Zinichev was born on August 18, 1966 in Leningrad. In the mid-1980s, he served for 2 years in the Northern Fleet of the Russian Federation, including Novaya Zemlya.

Zinichev graduated from higher education in the field of economics and law, has a number of diplomas in the field of economics and finance. The politician received his education in St. Petersburg. In the late 1980s - early 1990s, Evgeny Nikolayevich was an employee of the KGB of the USSR. Then he worked in the apparatus of the FSB. From the beginning of the 90s, Zinichev was listed in the FSO. For some time he was one of those who provided the personal protection of President Putin.

For some time, Yevgeny Zinichev often accompanied the president on business trips. There are a number of pictures in the public domain where it is clear that Zinichev was next to the president. But he was listed as an employee of the FSB or FSO. This fact is also not part of his official biography. Since 2014, Evgeny Zinichev has worked as deputy head of the FSB Anti-Terrorism Service. In 2015, he became the head of the FSB department in the Kaliningrad region, replacing Alexander Kozlov in this position.

In 2017, Evgeny Zinichev was appointed to the post of Acting Governor of the Kaliningrad Region. However, already in October, Zinichev resigned from this post of his own free will. Family circumstances were stated as the reason for leaving. In total, Zinichev worked in this position for 70 days. And the very next day, the politician received the post of Deputy Director of the FSB of Russia, from where he came to the post of Minister of Emergency Situations.

As for the personal life of Yevgeny Zinichev, the public knows that he has a wife, son and 3 grandchildren.

In the new government of Dmitry Medvedev, the head of the Ministry of Emergency Situations (MES), instead of Vladimir Puchkov, will be Yevgeny Zinichev, appointed to this post from the post of deputy director of the Federal Security Service (FSB). Previously, he worked in the presidential security service and even managed to visit and. O. head of the Kaliningrad region, but never encountered the activities of rescue services. The fate of Mr. Puchkov was de facto decided after a fire in the Kemerovo shopping center "Winter Cherry", where 60 people died, including 41 children.

Dmitry Medvedev announced the proposal to appoint Lieutenant General Yevgeny Zinichev as head of the Ministry of Emergency Situations at a meeting with Vladimir Putin, and half an hour later, the Kremlin announced that the president had signed a corresponding decree.

Mr. Medvedev did not name the reasons for the change in the leadership of the department, but, obviously, the March fire in the Kemerovo shopping center Zimnaya Cherry, where his subordinates could not save 60 people, became the immediate reason for the resignation of the minister. The commander of the fire brigade, Sergei Genin, is accused by the ICR of negligence (part 3 of article 293 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation), which entailed grave consequences in the form of the death of 37 people. Following him, employees of the State Fire Supervision Service who did not check the mall, as well as heads of the regional department of the Ministry of Emergency Situations, may end up in the pre-trial detention center.

At the same time, no less large-scale investigations are being carried out in the central office of the rescue department. Thus, several officials are under investigation and trials for bribery, fraud and other corruption-related crimes. For example, former directors of development and financial and economic departments Alexander Tomashov and Rais Akhmadeev are accused of misuse (Article 285.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation) of more than 1.7 billion budget rubles, who spent the funds allocated for amphibious aircraft to purchase other fire equipment. Since the decision on purchases was made at the board of the department, it is possible that places in it may soon be vacated for the people of General Zinichev.

Officially, employees of the Ministry of Emergency Situations do not comment on the new appointment. On condition of anonymity, a high-ranking interlocutor of Kommersant in the department spoke more about the significance of the removal of the former minister than about the appointment of a new one.

“The six-year yoke and lawlessness is over. I will not comment on anything at all - this is wrong. What has come to pass is a blessing in disguise. All drinks and pyrotechnics were bought up in anticipation of the removal of Puchkov, ”the interlocutor of Kommersant said.

Yevgeny Zinichev's career until recently was mainly connected with the special services: he worked in the central office of the FSB and the presidential security service (together with the current governors of the Yaroslavl and Tula regions, Dmitry Mironov and Alexei Dyumin, respectively), then in 2015-2016 he headed the FSB in the Kaliningrad region and even acted as its interim governor. But he worked at this place for less than three months, resigning in October 2016. Officially, this was explained by "family circumstances", but, as Kommersant's sources in the regional government claimed at the time, Mr. Zinichev began to be burdened by a public position. After that, by decree of Vladimir Putin, he was appointed the new deputy head of the FSB, Alexander Bortnikov.

Among professional firefighters, the new appointment is treated differently. Some of them were not particularly enthusiastic about it. Their main concerns are related to the fact that Mr. Zinichev is not from the Ministry of Emergency Situations. “It’s sad when firefighting is led by a person from the outside,” said “Kommersant” an expert on fire safety, ex-head of the fire tactics department at the Academy of the State Fire Service of the Ministry of Emergency Situations Alexander Podgrushny. “However, if he doesn’t interfere with professionals and organizes work, everything can and cost. It doesn’t get worse than it is, so it remains to be hoped that he is an adequate leader.” The head of the first detachment of the Federal Fire Service for the Kemerovo Region, Colonel Sergei Yakovlev, does not dramatize the situation. “We have never had a military minister either,” he commented to Kommersant on the candidacy of a new minister. “The main thing is that the right moves are made. It all depends on how the person works. If he is a professional and recruits a professional team, then everything will be fine, and the department will be able to focus on solving existing problems.”

Ivan Synergiev, Vladimir Solovyov, Nikolay Sergeev, Andrey Pertsev