K. G
An irreparable mistake was made by Nastya - the heroine of the story by K. G. Paustovsky "Telegram". The girl, being the only daughter, left her elderly mother alone at a great distance. For three years Nastya did not visit the poor old woman. The only sign of her attention was a monthly transfer for Katerina Petrovna for two hundred rubles with a note: “There are so many things to do that there is no time, not only to come, but even to write a real letter.”
The young girl loved her mother, but the work did not let her go. Ekaterina Petrovna understood this, and therefore tried not to disturb
Daughter once again and very rarely wrote letters to her.
I don’t know what caused it more, old age or longing for the only native person, but the vitality began to fade in the old woman. Then the elderly woman decided to write a letter in which she begged her daughter to come at least for a day, feeling that she would not survive this winter.
Nastya received the letter, her heart sank, but she was too busy organizing the exhibition. Two weeks later, the girl received a telegram from a neighbor that Katerina Petrovna was dying.
The meaning of what was written did not immediately reach the heroine. Even at that moment, it was easier for her to come to terms with the fact that she would not have time
Say goodbye to mom. But after a few seconds, it was like an electric shock: “How could this happen? After all, I don’t have anyone in my life.”
At the same moment, Nastya went to the railway station. The journey took several days. Katerina Petrovna never saw before her death the only native person on earth.
If only time could be turned back! Nastya realized the mistake and incorrectly set priorities. But it was too late. All that is left for the girl is a longing for her mother and an endless sense of guilt.
Essays on topics:
- October was cold and rainy. Katerina Petrovna began to find it very difficult to get up in the morning. She lived in an old house built by...
- Starting to read the story "Telegram" by Konstantin Georgievich Paustovsky, I assumed that it would be about some kind of story in the war, since the work ...
- The story "Dark Alleys", written in 1938 in pre-war France, takes us back to Russia in the early twentieth century, at a time when...
- The problem of indifference of people to each other. “Indifference is a paralysis of the soul,” wrote the famous Russian writer A.P. Chekhov. Really,...
from Paustovsky's story "Telegram"
Attitude of a person towards parents, indifference towards relatives
Very often, children forget about their parents, plunging into their worries and affairs. So, for example, in the story of K.G. Paustovsky's "Telegram" shows the daughter's attitude towards her aged mother. Katerina Petrovna lived alone in the village, while her daughter was busy with her career in Leningrad. The last time Nastya saw her mother was 3 years ago, she rarely wrote letters, she sent her 200 rubles every two or three months. This money worried Katerina Petrovna a little, she re-read a few lines that her daughter wrote along with the translation (that there is no time not only to come, but also to write a normal letter). Katerina Petrovna missed her daughter very much, listened to every rustle. When she became very ill, she asked her daughter to come to see her before her death, but Nastya did not have time. There were many cases, she did not take her mother's words seriously. This letter was followed by a telegram stating that her mother was dying. Only then did Nastya realize that "no one loved her as much as this decrepit, abandoned old woman." She realized too late that there had never been anyone dearer than her mother in her life and never would be. Nastya went to the village to see her mother for the last time in her life, to ask for forgiveness and say the most important words, but she did not have time. Katerina Petrovna is dead. Nastya did not even have time to say goodbye to her and left with the realization of "irreparable guilt and unbearable severity."
The problem of loneliness, indifference towards relatives
No person deserves to be alone. Even worse are situations when people become lonely who are not really alone in this world. This happened to the heroine of the story K.G. Paustovsky "Telegram" by Katerina Petrovna. In her old age, she was left completely alone, although she had a daughter. Loneliness destroyed her every day, the only thing that kept Katerina Petrovna was the expectation of a meeting with her daughter. She waited three years, but only a couple of days were not enough for her. Very often, indifference towards loved ones kills more than illness. Perhaps if Nastya was more sensitive, then the sick person would not have to die alone.
Guilt
Guilt is a feeling that is familiar to any person. Guilt becomes especially terrible in cases where a person does not have the opportunity to correct the situation, as in the story of K.G. Paustovsky "Telegram". The main character Nastya showed callousness towards her mother. She did not come to her, because she was busy with her own affairs. She was not with her mother when she was ill. Nastya did not take the last letter from her mother seriously. For this reason, she did not have time to tell her mother that she loves her, she could not ask for forgiveness for not coming. Nastya realized her mistakes too late: Katerina Petrovna died. Therefore, all the words remained unsaid, and a terrible feeling of guilt remained in the soul. There are actions that cannot be corrected and there is guilt that nothing can atone for.
"It is impossible to go back" (ideological and figurative analysis of the story of K. G. Paustovsky "Telegram")
Afonina Natalya Gennadievna, MBOU secondary school No. 3, teacher of Russian language and literature, Birsk, Bashkortostan
Subject (orientation): literature
Children's age: 8th grade
Location: Class.
Goals
Training:
understanding of the key problems of the studied work;
the ability to analyze a literary work: to understand and formulate the theme, idea, moral pathos of a literary work, to characterize its heroes, to compare heroes;
determination in the work of the elements of plot, composition, figurative and expressive means of the language, understanding of their role in revealing the ideological and artistic content of the work (elements of philological analysis);
formulating one's own attitude to the problems and heroes of the work;
Metasubject:
Communicative UUD
Ability to comprehend reading and adequate reading comprehension;
the ability to retell prose works or their passages using the figurative means of the Russian language and quotations from the text;
Ability to answer questions on the listened or read text;
The ability to create oral monologues of various types;
be able to conduct a dialogue;
Cognitive UUD
ability to understand the problem
select arguments to support your own position,
identify cause-and-effect relationships in oral statements,
formulate conclusions;
ability to work with different sources of information, find it and analyze it;
ability to build diagrams;
Regulatory UUD
the ability to independently organize their own activities, evaluate it, determine the scope of their interests;
the ability to independently determine the goals of their work;
Educational:
improvement of the spiritual and moral qualities of the individual: fostering a sense of respect, attentive attitude towards others;
education of an attentive and valuable attitude to the artistic word.
Lesson type: analysis of the work (V. Golubkov), lesson in the study of a work of art (Kudryashov)
Lesson Form: lesson-conversation
Equipment: multimedia projector, scheme, textbook, presentation
The mother's heart is in the children, and the child's is in the stone.
folk proverb
I. Organizational start.
Good afternoon guys. Outside, snow is spinning and slowly falling. Let's be snowflakes. Light beautiful gentle snowflakes-girls inaudibly fall on their chairs, and behind them big strong snowflakes-boys quickly and quietly sit down next to them. Well done! Everyone is ready. Let's start our conversation.
II. Motivation (emotional)
An autumn day descends in a slow succession,
Slowly spinning yellow leaf
And the day is transparently fresh, and the air is wonderfully clean -
The soul will not escape invisible decay.
So every day she gets older
And every year, like a yellow leaf spinning,
Everything seems, and I remember, and I imagine,
That the autumn of past years was not so sad.
Once, in the same autumn, K.G. Paustovsky came to work in a village near Ryazan. It was October. The writer wandered around the neighborhood with pleasure, noticing the slightest signs of autumn and reflecting on his future works. Here is what he wrote later in the book “Golden Rose”: “The feeling of autumn was important, the system of feelings and thoughts that it evoked. And everything that is called material - people, events, individual particulars and details - this, as I knew from experience, is securely hidden for the time being somewhere inside this feeling of autumn. And as soon as I return to this feeling in some story, then all this will immediately appear in my memory and go on paper.
The feelings of those autumn days poured out on paper in the sad, touching story "Telegram". And I called our lesson "It is impossible to go back ...". What we're going to talk? (about the need to do everything on time)
III. Updating and fixing (the stage of comprehensive knowledge testing)
So, please tell me when the telegrams are sent? (When something urgent needs to be reported. When trouble struck. When a person has joy.)
- And how many telegrams were sent in the story?
Where, to whom and by whom were they sent?
1 - daughter Nastya in Leningrad: Katya is dying. Tikhon.
2 - mother Katerina Petrovna in Zaborye: Wait, she left. I remain always your loving daughter Nastya.
IV. Statement of the problem (the stage of preparation for active and conscious assimilation of the material)
- Both telegrams were sent by Tikhon, but one - on behalf of Nastya.
Those. from mother to daughter and from daughter to mother. Based on this, determine the theme of the story. (The relationship between parents and children).
How important is this question in modern life?
Do you often wonder what is the most important thing in the relationship between parents and children? Have you ever regretted something you didn't get to do or say?
Paustovsky also reflects on this in his story. What will be the purpose of our lesson? (using the example of the story "Telegram" to understand what the relationship between parents and children should be based on)
You're right. I think it is important for all of us to understand this. As the lesson continues, we will fill in a diagram that will help us understand the essence of the relationship between parents and children and draw conclusions at the end of the lesson.
V. Search for ways to solve the problem posed (the stage of acquiring new knowledge)
Who are the heroes of the story? Who is the writer talking about at the beginning of the story?
Tell us about the inhabitant of the old house. What touched, touched you in the fate of this woman?
- By what artistic means does Paustovsky draw the tragedy of the position of Katerina Petrovna? (Description of the landscape, interior.)
Reading a picture of an autumn landscape. (The music of P.I. Tchaikovsky “The Seasons. October” sounds)
What are the key words of the landscape that paint a picture of a cold autumn (cold, rainy, blackened, clouds, rain)
What mood does the landscape evoke? (sad)
How does this mood help to understand the condition of Katerina Petrovna?
What bright detail does not fit into the overall tone? (sunflower)
Why sunflower?
Teacher's word:
In Chinese symbolism, it means longevity.
Sunflower- m. sunflower south. plant dory (Dal)
Worship, reckless passion, expressed in slavish following the Sun. The constantly changing position symbolizes insecurity and false wealth. (Ozhegov)
Which of these meanings helps to understand the image of Katerina Petrovna?
Continue the phrase: “As the little sunflower blossomed, so did ....”.
Conclusion: At the beginning of the story, the landscape sets the tone. The landscape is sad when a person is sad
We read the second paragraph. What are the colors of the interior (yellowed, gloomy, gray, dull.)
What object helped Katerina Petrovna survive the long nights? (kerosene night light)
Tell us about your associations with this subject? (fire, warmth, life, awe, excitement, beacon, loneliness)
- How did you see Katerina Petrovna? Prove textually. Find the words that characterize Katerina Petrovna (weak, blind, hunched over, small, whispering, crying softly, walking slowly, groping)
What "bitter grief" torments this little quiet woman? Prove textually. (I thought about her all the days, sorted through plump pieces of paper, money smelled of Nastya's perfume)
- What words would you use to describe the state of mind of Katerina Petrovna? (Hope, disappointment, awareness of loneliness, heartache)
- How did the writer convey the fading hope of the old woman that her daughter would come? What landscape sketch says this? (garden and maple)
Find keywords that convey the fading of hope (forgotten stars, maple tree, flying around, chilled, it has nowhere to go from this homeless, windy night)
What did Katerina Petrovna understand after this walk? (days are numbered, daughter will not come)
What desperate act does the heroine decide to take? (writes a letter)
Reading a letter by a teacher(music, slide 4)
What touched you in this letter? (She spoke very simply about death and she thinks about the garden)
Conclusion: What did a mother need to live her last days happy? (attention, participation)
How much did she want? Who could make her happy?
- Please tell us about your daughter.
Why, when talking about his daughter, Paustovsky does not describe nature? (She is an unkind, callous person. Such people do not notice nature)
- Re-read the portrait of Nastya.
Why did the artists call her Solveig? Do you agree with this? (Slide 5)
Teacher's word: SOLVEIG (Norwegian Solveig) is the heroine of the dramatic poem by Henryk (Henrik) Johann Ibsen "Peer Gynt". Solveig in translation means "solar way". Solveig could evoke a bright holiday in someone's soul with a glance, she was distinguished by kindness, responsiveness, fidelity.
Could Nastya arrange a holiday?
But what detail of Nastya's appearance does the author emphasize? (Cold eyes) (Nastya arranges a holiday, but her eyes are cold. But they are a mirror of the soul. This means that her soul is cold. The comparison with Solveig turned out to be erroneous).
Let's dwell on the moment when Nastya received a letter from her mother. What did she do to him? (She put it in her purse unopened, thinking that since the letter had arrived, her mother was alive.)
- And when did you receive the telegram? Find a verb that describes her state. (frowned)
Why? (Bad news. This disrupted her plans.)
Why didn't Nastya reveal the truth to the old artist? (She was ashamed to admit that at this time, when she enjoys praise, her mother is dying.)
- Do you think that such a relationship between mother and daughter is normal?
Why does Nastya, helping an unknown artist, forget about her mother? Is she soulless? Callous? (such is life when you have to lie to yourself and others, when, caring for many, you don’t notice how bad it is for the person closest to you, and justify the blindness of the soul with a lie - such a life is abnormal, it is false, restless).
Lexico-semantic work
In psychology, there is such a concept as KATARSIS (from the Greek katarsis - purification) - an emotional shock, a state of internal purification caused by tragedy, suffering. Nastya goes through the same purification through suffering.
Where did it start? ("Gogol's gaze in the workshop of the sculptor Timofeev, reproachful and honest, bored into her.")
Why Gogol? (Gogol is a satirist who, according to Pushkin, possessed an amazing ability to immediately guess a person.)
What did the satirist say? (“And the letter is in the purse, unopened,” Gogol’s piercing eyes seemed to say. “Oh, you, forty!”)
– What is behind this “oh you!”? (Contempt, reproach.)
- Has Nastya's soul become hardened to the end? (Nastya's soul has not completely hardened. If so, she would not have felt Gogol's vague reproaches and piercing gaze.)
Reading an excerpt from page 318 from the words “Watery snow fell ...” to “... if only you would forgive”
Did Nastya manage to ask for forgiveness from her mother? (No. The mother died and was buried by strangers, fellow villagers. The daughter did not have time to see her mother for the last time.)
Epilogue reading by the teacher
Do you think this part is important? Prove your point.
Why did Anastasia cry? (tears of pain and repentance, the coldness of the soul is melted)
Pay attention to the epigraph to the lesson. Has the stone, about which the Russian proverb speaks, disappeared from Nastya's heart?
teacher's word: Nastya in Greek means “resurrected”. It is probably not for nothing that Paustovsky gave this name to his heroine. “Repay good for good, don’t be a kestrel,” says Tikhon to Manyushka.
Who is this kestrel? ( Kestrel- 1) a bird that lives in desert places 2) "empty man")
What does empty man mean? (unkind, inattentive, callous)
Are these words addressed only to Manyushka?
Can Nastya fix something? What does Nastya feel? (Cold room, heaviness in the soul, a feeling of irreparable guilt)
What did she need now? (in forgiveness, care)
Who could help and forgive her if she had time? (Mother)
Is there any doubt that her mother would have forgiven her? (Working with an epigraph.)
VI. Stage of withdrawal (exit from the problem)
Make a conclusion. Will the people we really need always be there for us? What should we remember? What does Paustovsky warn us about when he tells the story of Nastya and her mother?
Conclusion: It turns out that to someone who has been and, it seems, will always be, you can not have time and not tell him about something very important, you can lose a lot in the hustle and bustle of life, in allegedly important and paramount affairs.
The poet N. Novikov has the following verses:
Never return anything
How not to etch spots in the sun,
And, on the way back,
You won't be coming back anyway.
This truth is very simple
And she, like death, is immutable,
You can return to the same places
But go back
Impossible…
So why is the story called "The Telegram"?
To whom is it addressed?
What is it about?
VI. Reflection (slide 6)
Let's turn to the diagram. What should be the relationship between parents and children? (on love, care, respect, responsibility)
Formulate the writer's warning in telegram language. Address it to yourself.
I realized that...
I will try…
I thought about...
I wanted…
Why is our lesson called "Impossible to go back ..."?
VII. Homework and its commenting (slide 7)
Composition-miniature "It is impossible to go back"
Literature. Grade 8: textbook - reader for educational institutions. In two parts /Aut.-comp. G.I. Belenky. – M.: Mnemosyne, 2007.
"Telegram" - a work written by Paustovsky. On Wikipedia, you can learn more about the author and his work.
Paustovsky refers to the topic of "fathers and children", which, of course, will not leave the reader indifferent. The problem is urgent, acute, characteristic of everyone who has or had a family. The summary of Paustovsky's "Telegram" will allow you to feel the feelings that the author put into it, having drawn the main idea.
In contact with
Also, meet the characters. and understand the reasons behind their actions. To complete the picture, if necessary, it is better, of course, to familiarize yourself with the text in its entirety. It occupies only twelve typewritten pages.
Analysis of the work "Telegram"
Structure
A story before us or a story? "Telegram" Paustovsky - a short story. It can be conditionally divided into five parts, each of which carries a certain semantic load in the plot:
- About mother
- About daughter
- disturbing news
- tragic denouement
- Outcome.
The first part is the presentation of the mother, Katerina Petrovna. It is told that an old woman lives alone in a remote village and has a daughter. The second part is an acquaintance with Nastya, a description of her work. In the third, the climax occurs - the birth and sending of the telegram itself by the mother about her illness. In the same place, the peasant Tikhon, who is not indifferent to everything, sends an answer supposedly from his daughter for Katerina Petrovna. But she understands and thanks him for the spiritual impulse, without receiving, however, a true letter from Nastya. In the fourth, the daughter arrives, but does not find her mother alive. And in the fifth, she rethinks her act, summing up.
What is the plot about: a short summary
Read the summary and find out what: Katerina Petrovna is living her life in a village remote from the city. Her house was built by her grandfather, a talented artist. The woman is uncommunicative and has practically no contacts with her fellow villagers, but she has a daughter who does important work and sends money to her mother. At some point, Katerina Petrovna realizes that she is mortally ill and wants to see her daughter in the end, which she asks for in a telegram . However, Nastya does not accept the letter seriously and leaves two weeks later, when he learns that the death of his mother is not far off. The girl is late for the funeral and feels bitterness, belated remorse for her slowness.
Heroes of the story
All heroes can be divided into groups:
- main actors: mother Katerina, daughter Nastya
- secondary actors. In the village: an elderly watchman Tikhon, a neighbor girl Manyushka. Nastya: sculptor Timofeev.
- The secondary characters are the villagers at the funeral. Postman, teacher, etc.
- inactive: father of Katerina Petrovna, artist. Here you can also highlight the sculpture of Gogol - she speaks in the mind of Nastya with the voice of conscience. Thus, through it, the reader gets acquainted with the author's position of the work.
The main characters in the "Telegram"
Katerina Petrovna, most likely, comes from a noble family. Paustovsky hints that she was brought up in an intelligent family, versed in art. In her youth, the woman was in the company of creative people, and in Paris she found the funeral of Victor Hugo. Katerina Petrovna is educated and spiritually developed.
But in the village no one needs her She has no one to talk to. A woman has a chic wardrobe of a noblewoman, an unprecedented luxury there. Nevertheless, there are not indifferent acquaintances who visit the old woman. Among them is the watchman Tikhon, and the girl, and the postman. Katerina Petrovna expects the participation of only one person - her daughter. She sends her mean replies, referring to employment. The mother is afraid to disturb her once again with her telegrams, only once she could not stand it and sent her first. When is dying.
Nastya is inexperienced and only learns the world around her. It has a lot of ambition and illusions. The girl seems sincere and reverent, but she pays little attention to her mother. Responds to a call for help not the first time, and even then to someone else's letter.
The role of Tikhon
Tikhon is a hard worker, illiterate, but sincere and responsive in soul to other people's troubles. He is a caretaker in the house of a dying woman. Memories of Katerina Petrovna's father are still alive in his heart, Tikhon also respects her as an educated and polite lady. He is imbued with her misfortune and composes a response letter, ostensibly from his daughter. Despite, that the deception was understood by a woman, the old woman thanked Tikhon for participating. And his act itself can be considered a disinterested impulse of the soul, bright and kind. His telegram is a symbol of the story.
Instead of a conclusion
Nastya repents, but it's too late. She leaves the village in tears, she is ashamed. Paustovsky does not give a specific assessment of the girl's behavior. But through the sculpture of Gogol, as it were, he conveys the call of conscience and reason. Nastya feels on herself how wrong she was, how recklessly she acted, postponing the last meeting with her mother.
As a result, the reader understands that the daughter, no matter how callous it may seem, nevertheless woke up and admitted her guilt, even if this mistake now becomes a heavy cross for her. Still, the story carries a bright thought and makes it possible to learn from the mistakes of others. To love and cherish your parents while they are alive, and not think only about selfish desires.
Read Paustovsky's short work and draw your own conclusions.
