Sitnikov Mikhail Grigorievich

VOTKINSK DIVISION OF THE SECOND FORMATION

On May 10, 1919, the commander of the Siberian Army, Lieutenant General Gaida, by order No. 287, transferred all the soldiers of the Votkinsk division to the reserve and released them to their homeland, paying a salary of 420 rubles. He ordered those who wished to enlist in the army as volunteers. On the same day, by order No. 228, Colonel Feofilov was relieved of his post as commander of the Osinsky regiment, and Lieutenant Zhulanov re-entered command of the regiment in his place. Only the cadre regiment of Colonel Mandrykin remained in Votkinsk.

On May 11, 1919, the division was reorganized into the regular 15th Votkinsk Division, whose commander was Colonel Yuryev. The regiments were commanded by: the 57th - Colonel Volsky, the 58th - Colonel Kreyer, the 59th - Lieutenant Zhulanov and the 60th Colonel Otmarstein.

On June 24, 1919, the Votkinsk division had 4 regiments of 3 battalions of 4 companies. Each company has 40-50 bayonets. The division was formed in the Votkinsk region.

The 15th Votkinsk Division defended its native Votkinsk plant and then retreated along with units of the Siberian Army.

On June 20, the not fully formed Votkinsk division was ordered to move to the village. Kazanka is a pier on the Kama, south of Okhansk. A crossing to the left bank was organized here. After the crossing, units of the division were concentrated in the area of ​​​​the city of Osa, from where they advanced in marching order to the Perm-Ekaterinburg railway. During the transitions, it was possible to put the units in order, give them a combat-ready state and participate in barrage battles during the retreat.

On June 23, 1919, the 8th Kama Corps included: the 15th Votkinsk, 16th Sarapul Rifle Divisions, the Immortal Regiment named after. General Hyde and the 1st Cavalry Division. A total of 6030 bayonets, 1290 sabers,

with 35 machine guns and 5 guns. The 16th Division had 2,600 bayonets and 3 machine guns. The Votkinsk division: “was in a period of complete reorganization.”

By order No. 394 of the Siberian Army of June 27, 1919, the Sarapul division was added to the 15th Votkinsk division, which included

1st and 2nd Kazan, 3rd Laishevsky and 4th Chistopol regiments. The regiments received the names: 57th Votkinsk, 58th Kazan, 59th Laishevsky, 60th Chistopol. According to the historian of the white movement Filimonov, “Votkinsk cadres strengthened the Sarapul Division,” the former 1st Kazan Infantry, the formation of which began in the city of Kazan in August 1918, where the first two Kazan regiments were founded. When leaving Kazan, the division cadre was evacuated to Chistopol - Sarapul - Ufa - Miass and finally settled in the city of Tyumen. Here it was transformed into a school for warrant officers, but by the spring of 1919 the school was transformed into a division, replenished in Yekaterinburg and at the end of May arrived at the front near Sarapul.

June 27th at the railway station. Shamara, General Gaida inspected the renewed 15th Votkinsk Division. The commander of the Siberian Army appeared in front of the division line in a Russian general's uniform, on horseback and surrounded by a brilliant retinue. After the review, an order was read out to assign new numbers and names of regiments to the division with the presentation of commanders from the 16th Sarapul Division.

From Shamar the division moved to the area of ​​the Nevyansk and Verkhne-Tagil factories. In the area of ​​the latter, the 2nd squadron, marching at the head of the column, was fired upon. During a shootout with the advanced red detachments, Comrade. Tomina, his commander, Lieutenant Vdovin, was seriously wounded, and the senior officer of the division, Cornet Pucillo, took command of the squadron. On July 14, the 15th Votkinsk Division was in the Verkhne-Tagil plant. The Putilov Red regiment under the command of Comrade Akulov rushed to this plant and attacked it at night. After little resistance, the Votkinsk people hastily retreated. 500 people were captured. On July 15, Votkinsk residents were in the Nevyansk plant. Seriously battered in previous battles and having received information about sad for them

Sitnikov M.G. Votkinsk division of the second formation // Izhevsk-Votkinsk rebels in the history of the Civil War. / Idnakar: methods of historical and cultural reconstruction [Text]: scientific and practical journal. No. 6 (23). 2014, pp. 147-167 Access mode: http://elibrary.ru/title about.asp?id=33940

events in N. Tagil, after a short battle with the red hussars, using the forests that did not allow the red cavalry to develop actions on horseback, they retreated, leaving prisoners and trophies, including a large number of cars loaded into the trains.

On July 14, 1919, by order No. 158, the 1st Siberian Army was formed from the Northern Group of Forces, which included: 1st Central Siberian Corps, 7th Siberian, 15th Votkinsk, 16th Perm Divisions, 17th Siberian Rifle Division , assault and ranger brigades, detachment of Colonel Bordzilovsky. Lieutenant General Pepelyaev was appointed commander of the army, and Colonel Kononov was appointed chief of staff. .

On July 19, the 15th Votkinsk Division took up positions near the village. Pokrovsky, which is 12 versts from the station. Egorshino. The core of the 15th Votkinsk Division remained and could fight. Having dug in a position from which there was good shelling, the Votkinsk people met with fierce fire first the Red scouts, and then the squadron of Comrade Tomin’s cavalry group. There was no other road to Yegorshino except the one covered by the Votkinsk people. Then the commander of the Red Hussars regiment, dismounting the 1st division and the regimental machine gun team, deploys them in a chain, thereby pinning down the whites along the front. The remnants of the Red Hussar regiment are sent into a deep detour to attack the flank and rear of the Votkinsk people. The stubborn battle lasted for several hours. The outcome of the battle was decided by a blow to the rear and flank of the Votkinsk troops.

Pursuing the remnants of the division, the hussars burst into the station in the afternoon. Egorshino. The 15th Votkinsk Division retreats to Irbit and Tyumen. .

Following the Votkinsk troops was the Northern detachment of Colonel Bordzilovsky. From Irbit, the division command sent a cavalry platoon to communicate with this detachment, which brought an order from the commander of the 15th Votkinsk division, Colonel Yuryev, with a counter-assignment from the chief of staff, Captain von Wach, with the following content: “According to available information, Colonel Bordzilovsky’s detachment, advancing along the road from Alapaevsk to Irbit (on this date) must spend the night in such a place, at a distance of 45 versts from Irbit. Gangs of Reds are roaming around the city. I order the army units to set out in such and such order in the direction of Tyumen, stopping for the night on such and such a date, on such and such a date.

Sitnikov M.G. Votkinsk division of the second formation // Izhevsk-Votkinsk rebels in the history of the Civil War. / Idnakar: methods of historical and cultural reconstruction [Text]: scientific and practical journal. No. 6 (23). 2014, pp. 147-167 Access mode: http://elibrary.ru/title about.asp?id=33940

someone in the village, etc.

At the beginning of August 1919, near the villages of Kamenskoye and Kulakovo, not far from Tyumen, there was a strong battle with the Vot-Kinites defending the city, who were defeated and hastily retreated to Tyumen. The attack on Tyumen was led by the 9th OSEVEC railway regiment, advancing in two columns. Kushnikov’s battalion advanced head-on, and along the railway from the station. Karmak battalion Boytsov. By the evening, units of the 15th Votkinsk Division repulsed all the frontal attacks of the Kushnikov battalion, but at that time the Boytsov battalion, having defeated the Whites near the Karmak station, went to the rear of the Votkinsk troops, which decided the outcome of the battle. On August 8, 1919, the Votkinsk people left the city, retreating down the Tura and further along the Tobol.

After August 12, the 2nd Brigade, the newly formed 51st Red Infantry Division, led an attack on the city of Tobolsk along the Tobol River. She needed to capture the city of Tobolsk at all costs, and from there strike in the rear of the 1st Siberian Army of General Pepelyaev, cutting off its route of retreat. A stubborn battle took place near the village. Sorokino with the 15th Votkinsk Division. With a fierce counterattack, the Votkinsk people drove back the 454th Red Regiment, which was pursuing them. With the help of the 456th Regiment of the 2nd Brigade, the Whites were driven out of their positions.

In the village of Bachalino, the Votkinsk division was visited by the Minister of Internal Affairs V.N. Pepelyaev, who was informed at headquarters that the division suffered extremely heavy losses during the retreat. The mobilized soldiers fled en masse upon arrival in their districts.... In addition, officers and some military units suffered greatly during the uprising of workers in the Tagil, Nevyansk and Rezhevsky factories, especially in the first one.” There were 600-700 people left in the division.

The remnants of the Votkinsk division strengthened near the village. Pokrovsky (the birthplace of Rasputin). On August 15, they surrounded the 3rd Kay battalion of the 454th regiment of the 51st division, which lay in a chain without ammunition. Only thanks to chance (the soldiers sent for ammunition discovered the Votkinsk residents and raised the alarm) the battalion barely escaped the encirclement. At night, the 454th regiment under the command of Comrade Boryaev bypassed the village. Pokrovskoe, forcing the Votkinsk residents to retreat. On this day, the Reds lost 70 people killed. : scientific and practical journal. No. 6 (23). 2014, pp. 147-167 Access mode: http://elibrary.ru/title about.asp?id=33940

p.207] The Votkinsk division took up defense near the settlements of Berezovy Yar and Ievlevo, greatly strengthening its positions. On August 23, she fought a difficult battle in these positions with the 456th Red Regiment. Unable to hold these positions, units of the Votkinsk division were also forced to leave the villages of Pinzhakovo and Mizheukaya, and on August 25th. Karaulnoyarskoe.

On August 26, Votkintsy left the village. Bachalino, entrenched in Lipovsky. There was a struggle for almost every village. The fierceness of the fighting is evidenced by the fact that the villages of Baikalovo, Bachalino, and Kutarbatka changed hands several times.

The Reds, often changing their units, gave the Red Army soldiers a rest (on September 1, the attack on both banks of the Tobol was already led by the 455th regiment), which the command of the 15th Votkinsk Division could not do. On September 2, the Reds occupied Karachino and Podemnaya, and on September 3, the 59th Laishevsky Regiment, in a battle near the village. Kremlevo, Taratukhino and Shishkino, having lost 157 people killed and wounded, was forced to retreat.

The senior fireworksman of the 2nd battery of the Votkinsk artillery division, K.M. Zaitsev, recalled these battles:

“The Reds, having occupied the large village of Karachino, for four days could not dislodge the Votkinsk people from their position and advance further. The position of the Votkinsk people abutted a large lake, also called Karachino. Hiding behind the lake from an attack from the front, the Votkinsk batteries took up positions on the division’s flank and fired longitudinally at the advancing enemy.

In the rear of the Votkinsk position there was a forest. From this forest it was possible to attack the artillery and get rid of its destructive fire. This is what the Reds decided to do. Secretly, making their way through ravines, the red cavalry, with a strength of about a regiment, penetrated into the forest, undetected by the Votkinsk troops, and rushed to attack the batteries. The closest was the 2nd battery. But, noticing the attacking enemy cavalry, the battery managed to pick up the guns and rushed under the protection of its infantry.

Seeing the 2nd battery and the red horsemen pursuing it, the commander of the half-battery of the 1st battery, Lieutenant S., turned his two cannons on the enemy and, firing grapeshot, put him to flight. Leaving several dozen dead and wounded in the field, the red cavalry rushed into the forest and

Sitnikov M.G. Votkinsk division of the second formation // Izhevsk-Votkinsk rebels in the history of the Civil War. / Idnakar: methods of historical and cultural reconstruction [Text]: scientific and practical journal. No. 6 (23). 2014, pp. 147-167 Access mode: http://elibrary.ru/title about.asp?id=33940

disappeared from there without launching new attacks.”

From Tobolsk, the Whites retreated in two directions: the 7th Tobolsk Division of Colonel Bordzilovsky retreated down the Irtysh on ships, and the Votkinsk Division of Colonel Yuryev, burdened with refugees (women and children), retreated up the Irtysh on ships and barges, heading towards the city. Tara. At the Abalaki monastery they were met by a division of armored steamships (Katun, Altai, Zaison and Tura) under the command of Art. Lieutenant Makarov. Colonel Yuriev subjugated the division, ordering Makarov to shell the crossings near Tobolsk. A night later, the bro-non-steamer "Tura" went to the Tobolsk area, making sure that the crossings were inactive. The movement of the caravan of the Votkinsk division to the village. Ust-Ishim was accompanied by shelling from the banks of the Irtysh, from machine guns and rifles.

The division stayed in Ust-Ishim for four days. The division commander recalled: “Reconnaissance sent by Yuryev along the Ishim highway discovered the enemy very far along the highway, and in connection with overheard telephone conversations, one could conclude that the Bolsheviks are not going to force the Ishim in the place where we are, but are planning to bypass it and conduct an operation against the city of Tara. Based on this, Yuriev decided to retreat further, namely, to position his positions near the village of Znamenskaya, 10 versts below Tara.

When we began to carry out this maneuver, the Bolsheviks had already approached Ust-Ishim and were actually moving along the Ishim highway. During this time, a cavalry division and half a company of the Votkinsk division left one of the villages on the right bank without permission. “Tura” was located near this village. Seeing this, the commander of the Tura, together with 10 people and a machine gun, occupied the village and sent me the Tura with a senior officer to report on what had happened. I was very scared for his fate, I flew to Yuryev - a day later the half-company again occupied the village, and Vokht triumphantly returned to the ship.”

The Votkinsk division reached the village. Znamensky, but after standing there for 3 hours,

Sitnikov M.G. Votkinsk division of the second formation // Izhevsk-Votkinsk rebels in the history of the Civil War. / Idnakar: methods of historical and cultural

reconstruction [Text]: scientific and practical journal. No. 6 (23). 2014, pp. 147-167 Access mode: http://elibrary.ru/title about.asp?id=33940

moved to the city of Tary, where it established a foothold. There it became known that the 15th Votkinsk Division and the 1st Division of Armored Steamships were part of the Separate Tobolsk Group of Forces formed on September 15, 1919 under the command of Major General Redko (Chief of Staff - General Staff Colonel Sukhorsky). Reinforcements arrived with the commander: 600 volunteers and mobilized peasants, a local regiment of 1,200 people and the Jaeger Battalion of Naval Riflemen (600 people). A few days later, 3 seaplanes arrived, led by Senior Lieutenant Marchenko. The group also included detachments of Colonels Frank and Kolesnikov.

Where did the volunteers come from?

Representatives of the Votkinsk people, among whom was Colonel Fedechkin, launched a wide recruitment campaign since May 1919 in many cities of Siberia, which gave good results (600 people). Here is one of the advertisements.

“Votkintsy!

And everyone who cherishes the glory, honor and power of the Motherland. Old combat shooters are turning to you. Help them resurrect the former glory and honor of Votkinsk heroes. Join the 15th Votkinsk Rifle Division on the general basis of volunteer service. Our families will be provided for in accordance with the regulations on volunteers.

Registration is made in Omsk, on Butyrskaya Street. D. No. 8".

On September 24, an order followed to occupy the village. Ust-Ishim. Makarov's armored steamships began to descend down the Irtysh and below the village. Znamensky (40-45 versts) was met by Marchenko's aviation and Colonel Kolesnikov's special forces detachment. We decided to act together. They took 150 landing troops on board and set off, landing troops in villages, but did not encounter resistance anywhere. But we practiced our landing skills. So they walked 200 miles to Ust-Ishim, which they decided to attack, but for this they decided to coordinate their actions with Colonel Yuryev. Makarov and Marchenko boarded seaplanes and half an hour later reached the ship "Europe",

Sitnikov M.G. Votkinsk division of the second formation // Izhevsk-Votkinsk rebels in the history of the Civil War. / Idnakar: methods of historical and cultural reconstruction [Text]: scientific and practical journal. No. 6 (23). 2014, pp. 147-167 Access mode: http://elibrary.ru/title about.asp?id=33940

where Yuryev's headquarters was located.

At the meeting, they decided to pass the steamships below Ust-Ishim and land troops that would strike from the rear the 454th regiment of the 51st Red Division, located in Ust-Ishim. The Votkinsk people were supposed to strike from the front, and Marchenko’s aircraft would strike from the air. As a result, on September 26, two battalions of the 454th Red Regiment were surrounded and scattered by machine gun fire from seaplanes. A small group of Red Army soldiers, regiment commander Boryaev, a military commissar and one platoon commander managed to escape from the encirclement. The Whites got all the convoys of the Red regiment, but the Red Army soldiers still managed to flood the machine guns in the Irtysh.

On September 27, the 25th Tobolsk Regiment of the 7th Tobolsk Division occupied the city of Tobolsk together with the 2nd Division of the Ob-Irtysh Flotilla. The news reached the headquarters of the commander, General Redko, and the next day the headquarters of the separate Tobolsk group and the headquarters of the 15th Votkinsk division arrived in Tobolsk, followed by the entire said division. The pursuit of the enemy was entrusted to the special forces detachment of Colonel Kolesnikov.

The advance of the 15th Votkinsk Division along the rivers was so rapid that in the area of ​​Ashlyk and Shestovskaya volosts, among impenetrable swamps and forests, the 451st, 452nd and 453rd regiments were cut off from the main forces of the 51st Division. The White command assumed that Blucher would make his way to his shortest route through the swamps to Yurga and the Petrovsky Plant, where he was supposed to be met by units of the 15th Votkinsk Division. But Blucher chose a different path and went to Tobolsk. As Gins wrote: “The Reds turned back to Tobolsk and piece by piece defeated our small detachments, which were going with the expectation of pursuing the retreating enemy, but actually met the advancing one. The Votkinsk commander Yuriev, seeing the mistake, voluntarily changed the plan and defeated the Reds, but was immediately fired.”

Blucher organized a strike group of the 453rd, 456th regiments and the 454th battalion, numbering 2,000 soldiers with 12 guns. The 451st and 452nd regiments guarded the rear of the group in the area of ​​the mouth of the Ashlyk and Vagaya rivers, i.e. Blucher left them to perish. Something had to be sacrificed. By this he

Sitnikov M.G. Votkinsk division of the second formation // Izhevsk-Votkinsk rebels in the history of the Civil War. / Idnakar: methods of historical and cultural reconstruction [Text]: scientific and practical journal. No. 6 (23). 2014, pp. 147-167 Access mode: http://elibrary.ru/title about.asp?id=33940

confused the white command. First, the group tried to break through to Yurga and the Petrovsky plant, but to no avail. Then, on September 30, Blucher moved to Tobolsk, from which the main forces of Votkinsk moved to the front. From Ashlykskaya the group moved north along the river. Go to the Irtysh. On October 1, the Reds occupied the villages of Lepekhino, Stary Pogos, overthrowing the Whites, burst into the village. Kugaevskoe, and by dawn the next day they were already fighting 8 versts from the Irtysh.

Scheme of the Tobolsk operation.

On October 2, advancing in a northerly direction, Blucher’s group occupied Baksheevo and Kuzylbayevo. The next day she approached the village of Bashkirovo, in which the lance division of the Peter and Paul Regiment was located. After a short skirmish, the Uhlan division retreated in disarray, losing 40 people as prisoners, who showed that two infantry regiments were moving behind them from Tobolsk. On October 4, the 59th Laishevsky and 60th Chistopol regiments of the 15th Votkinsk division near the village of Maslovo met with Blucher’s group. The battle lasted about 2 hours. The Votkinsk people retreated to the village of Rusanovo. There, in the middle of a wide plain, they occupied two rows of trenches, surrounding the Reds. The Reds threw the 453rd and 456th regiments into battle with the support of artillery, which took part in the battle for the first time. The ring has shrunk to 10 square meters. km. The Votkinsk people were full of desire to defeat the Reds. The Reds withstood six attacks. The battle

Sitnikov M.G. Votkinsk division of the second formation // Izhevsk-Votkinsk rebels in the history of the Civil War. / Idnakar: methods of historical and cultural reconstruction [Text]: scientific and practical journal. No. 6 (23). 2014, pp. 147-167 Access mode: http://elibrary.ru/title about.asp?id=33940

lasted for 5 hours already. The Reds' forces were running out.

Then Blucher sent the reserve battalion of the 453rd regiment under the command of Gorshkov around the swamps, which struck the white units in the rear. The Reds rushed to break through and crushed the Votkinsk people, occupying the d.d. Rusanovo, Irtyshsky and Sibanovsky Yurts. For the next 3 days there was an almost continuous battle for each line near the villages of Mamaevo, Shchukino, Kuimovo and Shishkino, in which the Reds lost 200 people killed. .

On October 7, Blucher's strike group with artillery and wounded was again surrounded by the Whites in the Yurt Irtysh area in an awkward 3-verst space. Marchenko’s seaplanes dropped leaflets: “You are surrounded, there is no salvation for you. For every minute of resistance there will be merciless reprisals. Red Army soldiers! Give up. Destroy your commissars and commanders, arrest and hand over Blucher to us, and your life will be spared.” .

On October 7, the position of the troops was as follows. The 27th Verkhoturye Regiment occupies positions near the village of Shchukino, the road to Bachalino was occupied by Colonel Kolesnikov’s special forces detachment. From Tobolsk, the Reds were surrounded by the 59th and 60th regiments of the Votkinsk division. The 25th Tobolsk Regiment advanced along the Tobolsk-Tyumen highway from Bachalino to the south. Tobolsk hastily fortified itself. The crossings were guarded by armored ships.

On the night of October 8, at 5 o'clock in the morning, the Reds heard noise on the Irtysh, which flowed 4 miles from their location. It was units of the 15th Votkinsk Division that landed.

At dawn on October 8, the Reds tried to break out of the ring in a southerly direction to the village. Karachino, but as a result they were forced to leave the village of Mamaevo. At 9 o'clock in the morning, General Redko's units went on the offensive near the village of Shishkina. A fierce oncoming battle broke out. The Whites pushed the Reds back to their original positions, who went on the defensive. The Votkinsk people rushed forward and knocked the enemy out of positions near the village of Shchukino, throwing him back to the village of Kuimovo. The ring tightened even more. Only 2 square meters left. km. With the support of naval artillery and seaplanes, which dropped bombs on the Reds, the White attacks followed one after another. The Reds' position was becoming critical. By 12 o'clock the battle had reached

Sitnikov M.G. Votkinsk division of the second formation // Izhevsk-Votkinsk rebels in the history of the Civil War. / Idnakar: methods of historical and cultural reconstruction [Text]: scientific and practical journal. No. 6 (23). 2014, pp. 147-167 Access mode: http://elibrary.ru/title about.asp?id=33940

its apogee. Both sides fought selflessly. Nobody wanted to give in. Six more attacks were repulsed, but the ring shrank even more. The Reds retreated to the line of trenches dug the day before. By 16:00 the battle began to subside. Having replaced their units, the Whites again went on the attack at about 6 p.m. Blucher makes a last attempt to break out of the encirclement, throwing all commanders and household workers into battle and sending a detachment of 200 people under the command of battalion commander Gorshkov on a detour through a difficult swamp. For two hours the outflanking column made its way through the swamp, waist-deep in water with 4 machine guns, but still managed to reach the rear of the Whites and rushed to attack the reserve regiment of Votkinsk soldiers, who at first began to flee, but quickly came to their senses and launched a counterattack. The Reds retreated, but were rescued by machine gunners who managed to set up their machine guns. Their fire stopped the attackers. Hearing the sound of battle, Blucher threw everyone into a final attack. They were supported by Gorshkov's group. White couldn't stand it and released his opponent from the ring. Under the cover of darkness, Blucher's group moved south, occupying the d.d. Taratukhino and Karachino, and by the evening of October 10, Red units linked up with the 152nd Brigade of the 51st Rifle Division in the area of ​​the village. Dol-goyarskoe. For three more days, parts of General Redko’s group attacked the Reds, but to no avail. Attempts to land troops in the rear of the Reds with the support of armored steamships were unsuccessful, since enemy artillery blocked the passage of the latter, one of which was hit.

The senior adjutant of the 7th Tobolsk Division, Lieutenant Smirnov, had a different point of view on this operation.

“Suddenly we receive information that the reinforcement of the Uhlan Peter and Paul Regiment that was on its way was destroyed by the enemy while camping for the night in the Black Lake area. Almost simultaneously, in the K area, at night, a squadron of the Uhlan Peter and Paul Regiment was almost destroyed by Reds who appeared from somewhere. A reconnaissance was carried out, which established that the Blucher brigade with 12 guns had been encircled and the position of this brigade for rescue was hopeless.

In the presence of General Redko, it was impossible to appoint the head of the combat sector, and something happened that history may not have seen yet

Sitnikov M.G. Votkinsk division of the second formation // Izhevsk-Votkinsk rebels in the history of the Civil War. / Idnakar: methods of historical and cultural reconstruction [Text]: scientific and practical journal. No. 6 (23). 2014, pp. 147-167 Access mode: http://elibrary.ru/title about.asp?id=33940

knows. Blucher was preparing to break through to Bachalino, but was warned by our attack on him from Bachalino, from the corner of the mouth of the Tobol and Irtysh and from the city of Tobolsk, and since the leaders of these groups were unable to simultaneously launch an attack, they were repulsed in turn. The same thing happened again on the 2nd day, and Bordzilovsky ordered the battery commander, described in Chapter 21, to place two guns in the very trenches of our units advancing from Bachalino, but this commander reported that he could not drive through the swamp marked with a sign and asked permission to install the battery in a place designated from where there was very good shelling of the enemy, which was allowed.

Two seaplanes arrived from Omsk, which carried out reconnaissance of the enemy’s location and forces, scattered proclamations and bombs, but did not give us any significant information. Having exhausted their units, Bordzilovsky and Feofilov created a special plan for the defeat of Blucher: release his detachment and when he goes there, hit him in the rear, pursuing him both by water and by land. I don’t understand why Redko agreed with such absurdity. My plan was different. Dig from the side of Ishim and Bachalino to

20 rows of trenches, dig wolf pits, cover them with barbed wire, put under arms not only the 5,000 convoys of Votkinsk residents, but also all the convoys of all officers, the entire male population. Burn villages in the area where the enemy is located and bread and allow him to go out on his own in any direction; because in s. Pokrovsky gathered about 10,000 red rags from just former fugitives and for the 3rd day they held a rally on the topic of whether to go to the rescue of Comrade Blucher or not and decided - no, they’ve fought enough, it’s time to go home. And suddenly Bordzilovsky ordered to open the front and release Blucher. They opened it in the evening, and by morning he, with the entire detachment and artillery, led it through the swamp, through which our battery could not pass, occupied natural heights from Dolgoyarsky, where he inflicted several defeats on our units pursuing him, one after another.”

The 152nd Mrachkovsky brigade and the 459th regiment fortified themselves in the village area

Sitnikov M.G. Votkinsk division of the second formation // Izhevsk-Votkinsk rebels in the history of the Civil War. / Idnakar: methods of historical and cultural reconstruction [Text]: scientific and practical journal. No. 6 (23). 2014, pp. 147-167 Access mode: http://elibrary.ru/title about.asp?id=33940

Dolgoyarovskoye, where the steamship Spartak was moved. The brigade headquarters and the 454th regiment were located in the village of Kutarbitka, a few kilometers from the front line. It was a clear, sunny morning. In the blue heights above the trenches, white airplanes flew, dropping leaflets calling on the Red Army soldiers to hand over Blucher and Mrachkovsky and surrender: “You are surrounded, there is no salvation. For every minute of resistance there will be merciless reprisals.”

The guns of the White Guard armored ships thundered all around; they were answered by red 4-inches. The surrounding villages were smoking from fires. The Red Army soldiers were resting peacefully in the village.

Suddenly, random shooting began on the street, shouts were heard: “The whites are advancing, save yourself!”

It was the Votkinsk people, coming from the right flank, who killed the sentries of the 456th Rybinsk Regiment and broke into the village. A machine gun mowed down the street with lead fire. The Red Army soldiers rushed through the backyards and vegetable gardens into the forest. The brigade headquarters (Mrachkovsky, Stepanov, Bobylev and the commander of the 454th regiment Boryaev) realized that only speed and courage could save the situation. With drawn sabers, they rushed across the Red Army and stopped them, and then dragged them into the attack. The Votkinsk people wavered and retreated. The failure of the bypass column affected the further actions of the Votkinsk people. They were well fortified under the Turbinsky Yurts. On the left is a river, on the right is a mountain. The only option left for the enemy was a frontal attack. The 454th Regiment went on the attack four times, all without success. With hurricane fire from the heights, the Votkinsk people forced the Reds to retreat each time. The battle lasted for two days. On the third day, the Reds came up with a non-standard solution. At night they drove a herd of horses of local residents to the white positions and, under their cover, broke into the trenches of the whites, who, unable to withstand the sudden night attack, retreated.

For the failed operation, Major General Redko was removed from command of the group. Bordzilovsky, who had recently been promoted to major general, was appointed in his place. The head of the 15th Votkinsk division, Colonel Mikhailov, citing poor health, went on vacation. The chief of staff of this division, Colonel Von Wach, was appointed to temporarily command the division.

Sitnikov M.G. Votkinsk division of the second formation // Izhevsk-Votkinsk rebels in the history of the Civil War. / Idnakar: methods of historical and cultural reconstruction [Text]: scientific and practical journal. No. 6 (23). 2014, pp. 147-167 Access mode: http://elibrary.ru/title about.asp?id=33940

The senior adjutant of the 7th Tobolsk Division, Lieutenant Smirnov, believed that the command of the 15th Votkinsk Division, represented by Yuryev, Mikhailov and Von Wach, did not pay attention to discipline, so the soldiers allowed violence against the local population. He wrote: “In one village, alternating for two weeks, there were either whites or reds, and here was the natural question of one elderly officer in the field to an old peasant - who is better for the people, whites or reds, then the peasant answered: “If we consider the Votkinsk people white, then the red ones are many times better than them.” Anyone who walked through villages and hamlets after the Votkinsk troops knows that the movement of these units was the ultimate punishment for the population - they had nothing sacred or inviolable. For there was no case, thanks to the criminal connivance of the bosses, for even one rank to answer for rape or robbery.”

This also follows from the “report compiled by Kolchak’s staff officer for assignments on the situation in the Tyumen district” dated September 6, 1919, which states that passing military units often took carts and bread from peasants without any order, often for free, items of clothing, shoes, etc. “Clashes between retreating military units and refugees - workers, Votkinsk and Izhevsk, with peasants - over supplies and food gave rise to discontent and opposition among the peasants towards our troops.”

This operation was monitored by Admiral Kolchak, while on the steamship Tovarpar. After it became clear that the operation had failed, he returned to the capital. On the way to Omsk, Admiral Kolchak arrived at the location of the Votkinsk division. Having ordered to surround himself with a ring, he declared: “Votkintsy! I must tell you frankly that your glory has faded lately. I haven't heard about your participation in battles for a long time. Meanwhile, the people of Izhevsk, your brothers, have recently participated in a number of battles and have shown such valor that I am bringing them the St. George’s Banner. I would like you to keep up with them.” But this is not true. While on the steamship Tovarpar, Kolchak signed an order on October 14, 1919, in which many officers of the 15th Votkinsk Division were awarded orders (see Appendix No. 1).

Sitnikov M.G. Votkinsk division of the second formation // Izhevsk-Votkinsk rebels in the history of the Civil War. / Idnakar: methods of historical and cultural reconstruction [Text]: scientific and practical journal. No. 6 (23). 2014, pp. 147-167 Access mode: http://elibrary.ru/title about.asp?id=33940

Unlike G.K. Ginsa, journalist G.A. Vyatkin had the opportunity to observe A.V. Kolchak and his participation in military affairs are only strictly formal. The result of his ten-day business trip was the preparation of several articles under the general title “Trip to the Tobolsk Front”, which were published in mid-October 1919 on the pages of the Omsk newspapers “Zarya” and “Rus” (see Appendix No. 2)

From October 15 to the 22nd there was a lull on the Tobolsk front. Meanwhile the weather worsened. It rained or sleeted almost every day, and a piercing wind blew. The main communication line - the Tobolsk - Tyumen highway, along which food, uniforms and ammunition were transported, was turned into a complete swamp. It was difficult to walk along this road. Both sides were putting their parts in order.

On October 23, the 51st Division went on the offensive and, after long battles in the Kuimovo area, forced the enemy to retreat. That same night, the 457th and 458th Red regiments, having crossed to the left bank of the Tobol, occupied Tobolsk and continued to advance in the direction of Tara - Ishim - Tyukalinsk. On October 27, the Votkinsk residents, under enemy pressure, retreated to the right bank of the river. Vagay.

On November 7, stubborn battles broke out to take possession of the village. Ust-Ishim, which was defended by the 15th Votkinsk Division. The 452nd and 457th regiments of the 51st Infantry Division attacked the Whites for 9 hours. Only in the evening the Votkinsk retreated, and at the end of the day, after artillery preparation, they abandoned Ust-Ishim. . The Reds captured over 400 prisoners, several machine guns and other trophies.

On November 9, the commander of the 51st division, Blucher, received an order to continue with the forces of the 2nd brigade to pursue the retreating units of the 7th Tobolsk and 1st 5th Votkinsk divisions along the bank of the river from the Ust-Ishimskoye line. Irtysh and provide cover for the left flank of the 3rd Red Army.

In November 1919, the Tobolsk group of troops under the command of Major General Bordzilovsky received an order to retreat from the area of ​​Tara to the station. Barabinsk. The 15th Votkinsk Division also retreated with this group. This is how the “Great Siberian Ice Flow” began for this division.

Sitnikov M.G. Votkinsk division of the second formation // Izhevsk-Votkinsk rebels in the history of the Civil War. / Idnakar: methods of historical and cultural reconstruction [Text]: scientific and practical journal. No. 6 (23). 2014, pp. 147-167 Access mode: http://elibrary.ru/title about.asp?id=33940

move,” which she overcame and reached the Chita area.

Appendix No. 1

The Supreme Ruler and Supreme Commander-in-Chief On the steamer Tovarpar October 14, 1919, gave the following

The award to the Commander-in-Chief of the armies of the Eastern Front is approved.

For distinction in cases against the enemy;

Holy Equal to the Apostles Prince Vladimir, 4th degree with swords and bow:

To the lieutenants:

Votkinsk Rifle Regiment, Ivan Gridin;

Laishevsky Rifle Regiment, Ivan Zhulanov;

Chistopol Rifle Regiment, Nikolai Kalashnikov; headquarters - Votkinsk rifle division, warrant officer Pyotr Kharaldin.

Saint Anne 2nd degree with swords:

Laishevsky Rifle Regiment, Staff Captain Grigory Khanzhin,

To the lieutenants:

Dmitry Makoseev, Vladimir Kochanov and Ivan Buskin.

To ensigns:

Kazan Rifle Regiment, Fedor Dyachkov,

Laishevsky Rifle Regiment, Ivan Ogorodnikov,

headquarters - Votkinsk rifle division, Alexander Koldybaev.

Sitnikov M.G. Votkinsk division of the second formation // Izhevsk-Votkinsk rebels in the history of the Civil War. / Idnakar: methods of historical and cultural reconstruction [Text]: scientific and practical journal. No. 6 (23). 2014, pp. 147-167 Access mode: http://elibrary.ru/title about.asp?id=33940

St. Anne 3rd class with swords and bow: headquarters - Votkinsk rifle division, staff captain Vladimir Petrov.

To the lieutenants:

Rifle Laishevsky Regiment, Dmitry Makoseev,

Chistopol Rifle Regiment, Pavel Zaitsev.

Second Lieutenants:

Laishevsky Rifle Regiment, Vasily Glukhov, Boris Divetyarov, Vsevolod Raevsky.

Rifle Votkinsk artillery division, Georgy Krestitelev.

To ensigns:

Laishevsky Rifle Regiment, Fedorou Dyachkov, Ivan Ogorodnikov, Nikonor Fomin, Vasily Evseev and Sergei Elovikov.

Chistopol Rifle Regiment, Alexei Azheganov.

headquarters - Votkinsk rifle division, Mikhail Blizorukov, Pyotr Okunimov and Alexander Koldybaev.

St. Anne 4th degree with the inscription "For bravery".

To the lieutenants:

Rifle Laishevsky Regiment, Dmitry Makoseev, Sergei Gorkhilov and Sergei Nikitin.

Chistopol Rifle Regiment, Lavrentiy Beldin.

Second Lieutenants:

Kazan Rifle Regiment, Nikolai Groshev and Viktor Tashenskoy,

Laishevsky Rifle Regiment, Sergei Burmistrov and Ivan Karasev,

Chistopol Rifle Regiment, Konstantin Shaldyrvan, headquarters - Sarapul Rifle Division, Boris Bobylev

Sitnikov M.G. Votkinsk division of the second formation // Izhevsk-Votkinsk rebels in the history of the Civil War. / Idnakar: methods of historical and cultural reconstruction [Text]: scientific and practical journal. No. 6 (23). 2014, pp. 147-167 Access mode: http://elibrary.ru/title about.asp?id=33940

Laishevsky Rifle Regiment, cornet Alexei Gukaev.

To ensigns:

Votkinsk Rifle Regiment, Fedor Oshchepkov, Ivan Oshchepkov, Ivan Sannikov, Ivan Doronin, Stepan Kalinin, Vasily Belonogov and Alexey Grishin.

Kazan Rifle Regiment, Alexey Karpov, Akinden Yurkov, Konstantin Shabalin, Anfim Chepkasov, Ivan Gorbunov, Andrey Aristov and Alexey Belyaev.

Laishevsky Rifle Regiment, Vladimir Smirnov, Alexei Korlyakov, Pyotr Abyzov, Nikolai Fomin, Ivan Rotanov, Ivan Ogorodnikov, Vasily Evseev, Sergei Elovikov, Fedor Dyachkov and Mikhail Agafonov.

Rifle Votkinsk artillery division, Ivan Voz-mishchev.

For excellent and diligent service and labor incurred due to the circumstances of the current war:

St. Anne's 3rd degree; headquarters - the Votkinsk rifle division, warrant officers Alexey Smirnov, Alexey Chuvashov and Stepan Kurbatov.

For the Chief of Staff of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief. of the General Staff, Major General Ryabikov.

Sitnikov M.G. Votkinsk division of the second formation // Izhevsk-Votkinsk rebels in the history of the Civil War. / Idnakar: methods of historical and cultural

reconstruction [Text]: scientific and practical journal. No. 6 (23). 2014, pp. 147-167 Access mode: http://elibrary.ru/title about.asp?id=33940

Appendix No. 2 In the combat area

On Sunday, October 12, early in the morning, the steamer departs from Tobolsk, enters the mouth of the Tobol and stops half an hour later at the village of Medanka. Here are the reserve units that are being inspected.

The next stop is at the Marminsky yurts, 15 versts further, higher along the Tobol. Two days ago there were red... units here, trying to re-enter Tobolsk, and now the glorious units of Colonel Bordzilovsky, who were driving the Bolsheviks back, settled down here for a short rest.

At the pier is the steamship “Tobolsk” with the headquarters of the No. Siberian Division. A white-green Siberian flag flutters from the mast.

To meet the steamship of the Supreme Ruler, three fish-shaped seaplanes rise from the shore, circle above us and then fly away in three different directions.

The Supreme Ruler ascends to the high bank. He is accompanied by the commander of the Northern Group, Gen. Redko and Colonel Bordzilovsky. One of the convoys carries the flag of the commander-in-chief, similar to a banner, and its orange stripes burn like fiery snakes in the sun.

The command is heard: “Attention!” and for a minute there is complete silence. Only somewhere ahead, about 15 miles away, cannon shots echo dully: there is a battle going on at the front.

The admiral walks around the gray ranks, greets them and thanks them for their military service.

Then he turns to Colonel Bordzilovsky:

Present me with awards for combat distinctions of three people per company and team.

I obey, Your Excellency.

While those who distinguished themselves are being lined up, the Admiral orders the extradition

Sitnikov M.G. Votkinsk division of the second formation // Izhevsk-Votkinsk rebels in the history of the Civil War. / Idnakar: methods of historical and cultural reconstruction [Text]: scientific and practical journal. No. 6 (23). 2014, pp. 147-167 Access mode: http://elibrary.ru/title about.asp?id=33940

gifts for soldiers:

Don't forget the units leaving the battle! Let the elected officials from the units come and receive it. Provide warm blankets for the wounded. Those who distinguished themselves are lined up in a long line. The admiral pins St. George's crosses on them and congratulates them on their award.

The answer is either brave and loud or quiet and modest:

Thank you most humbly.

Some are visibly worried. One, almost a boy, has tears in his eyes, and on his cheeks a restrained smile of great and sharp joy.

Distinguished officers line up in a separate line to the side: warrant officers and second lieutenants.

The Supreme Ruler approaches them:

Congratulations, gentlemen, on your promotion to the next officer rank.

Then he addresses the entire battalion, with loud and clear words:

I thank the battalion for its brave combat work. I hope that in the future you will all fight for the honor and dignity of your homeland as boldly and bravely as you have fought so far.

“I thank you, Colonel,” the Supreme Ruler addresses Colonel Bordzilovsky, “for the skillful leadership of your valiant unit, for your work and energy, I congratulate you on your promotion to major general.

Bibliography and sources

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2. Popular resistance to communism in the Urals. - Moscow, 1982. - P.438.

3. Civil war in Udmurtia 1918 -1919. - Izhevsk, 1988. - P. 161.

4. Kulikov. In the battles for Soviet Udmurtia. - Izhevsk, 1982. - P.233.

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5. Guide to the funds of the White Army. - Moscow, 1998. - P.158.

6. B.B. Filimonov. White Army of Admiral Kolchak. - M., 1999. - P.43.

7. N. Evseev. Cavalry in the defeat of the Whites in the Urals in 1919 - Moscow, 1934. - P.23.

8. State Archive of the Khabarovsk Territory (GAKhK). F. R-830. Op. 3. D. 5199.

9. Z. Richter. OSEVEC's hike. - Moscow, 1933. - P.205.

10. The struggle for the power of the councils in the Tobolsk province (197-1920). -Sverdlovsk, 1967. - P.295.

11. Roshchevsky P.I. Civil war in the Trans-Urals. - Sverdlovsk, 1966. -P.304.

12. http://vepepe.ru/publ/46-1-0-390: Efimov. Izhevtsy and Votkintsy.

13. Fleet in the white fight. - Moscow, 2002.- P.429.

15. Fifty-First Perekop Rifle Division. - Moscow, 1925. -P.43.

16. GAPC F. R-732. Op.1. D.87. L.1.

17. Dushenkin V.V. From soldier to marshal. - Moscow, 1964. - P.97-98;

18. Gins G.K. Siberia, allies and Kolchak. 1918-1920 - Beijing. 1921. - From 364.

20. N. Yu. Berezovsky and N. S. Tarkhova. Omsk offensive operation of the Red Army in 1919. - Omsk, 1969. - P.35.

In memory of the Izhevsk-Votkinsk uprising. Latvian riflemen against Russian workers.

Battle banner of Izhevsk.

“On August 8, 1918, the Izhevsk-Votkinsk anti-Bolshevik uprising began. The Izhevsk division was formed from workers of the plant of the same name who rebelled against the Bolsheviks in August 1918. In addition to the Izhevsk residents, the workers of the neighboring Votkinsk plant also rebelled against the Bolsheviks, who formed a separate Votkinsk division. Later, the workers of both factories were brought together into a special Izhevsk-Votkinsk brigade.
The uniform colors of Izhevsk and Votkinsk residents were blue (a symbol of connection with their factories - iron and steel) and white (the color of the White Movement).
These units were distinguished by very high combat effectiveness. Contemporaries described the crushing attacks of Izhevsk workers as follows: “They did not recognize the bayonet and, when the moment of hand-to-hand combat came, they threw their rifle on a belt behind their back and took out their long working knives. According to numerous eyewitnesses of these decisive moments of the attack, the Reds could not withstand the mere sight of this manipulation and fled in order to avoid hand-to-hand combat with such a determined enemy. It is interesting to note here that the Izhevsk and Votkinsk divisions remained invincible throughout the Civil War" (see A. Vorobiev. Uprising at the Izhevsk and Votkinsk factories in August 1919. - "Sentry" (Brussels), 1987, No. 663, p. 10 ).
Let us add that in the fall of 1919, the Supreme Ruler of Russia, Admiral Alexander Vasilyevich Kolchak, awarded the Izhevsk division the honorary Banner of St. George - the highest collective award for military valor. Currently, this banner is kept in the Irkutsk Museum of Local Lore. Who stood up to the Russian workers who rose up for their country against a bunch of criminals who imagined themselves to be the authorities?
“In mid-August in the Urals, in the factory towns of Votkinsk and Izhevsk, none other than the workers themselves—workers of state-owned arms factories—revolted against the “worker-peasant” government. On the morning of August 7, armed with rifles captured at the factory, Izhevsk residents rebelled and entered into battle with the Red Army battalion and a detachment of Austrian internationalists. By evening, the Austrian internationalists were destroyed, and the remnants of the Red Army battalion fled from the city.
The organizer of the uprising, non-commissioned officer Oskolkov, addressed the regiment located in Izhevsk at that time. D.I. Fedichkina to take the Izhevsk workers' regiment under his command. August 15th regiment. Fedichkin, having defeated the Red Army garrison in a short battle, captured the Galyana pier and took control of the flow of the Kama, along which the Soviet flotilla was cruising. The commander of the 2nd Soviet Army, Reinhold Berzin, sent a group of Soviet troops to the Galyan area, led by the Ufa Latvian battalion, numbering 500 riflemen and 30 cavalrymen with 26 machine guns. With a swift attack, the Latvians drove the Izhevsk people out of Galyan on August 18 and, together with other red units, launched an attack on Izhevsk. But before the commander of the Latvian battalion, J. Reinfeld, had time to send his riflemen to storm Izhevsk, a new enemy appeared in the rear of his group of troops. Workers in the nearby town of Sarapul, having arrested the entire Sarapul Council and local security officers, formed an anti-Soviet detachment.
At the same time, workers in the neighboring town of Votkinsk also rebelled, who, under the command of Captain Yuriev, struck the flank of the Ufa Latvian battalion and forced it and other Red Army units to retreat to the west.

On September 24, the 7th Bauska armor was sent from Petrograd to eliminate the rebellion of Izhevsk and Votkinsk workers. pp. regiment, Latvian artillery division and cavalry detachment. On September 29, Latvian riflemen landed 100 km north of Votkinsk, at Cheptsa station, from where, joining forces with units of the Special Vyatka Division, they launched an attack on Votkinsk.
At the news that the Latvian riflemen had arrived, the peasants left the villages and fled into the forest, for rumors about their reprisals against the Yaroslavl rebels, about their unwavering loyalty to Lenin, etc., reached these remote places. This was repeated in every village. Of course, the shooters did not kill all the inhabitants and did not burn all the villages, but it was enough that they shot the relatives of the peasants who joined the rebellious workers. Otherwise, the peasants would not be hiding in the forests. The names of the commander of the 7th Bauska lat. pp. regiment Manguls and the Latvian division commander V. Azin, who carried out a bloody massacre in Votkinsk and Izhevsk, after their capture by the Reds, were pronounced here with nothing less than a curse.
October 7, 35 km from Votkinsk, 7th Bauska lat. The rifle regiment and the Special Vyatka Division met with the Votkinsk detachments, commanded by Captain Yuryev. The fighting was fierce and lengthy, with varying degrees of success at first. But over time, well trained and having combat experience in the 1st World War, the Latvian riflemen, using flanking maneuvers and attacking with concentrated forces, began to win victories. The overwhelming number of Votkinsk workers never served in the army because, as those employed in arms factories, they were exempt from military service; They also did not have officers - companies and platoons were commanded by sergeant majors and non-commissioned officers. But in courage and stamina they were not inferior to the shooters. The battle lasted for over a month, only sometimes calming down for a day or two.
At the same time, the 2nd Soviet consolidated division under the command of the old Latvian communist Valdemar Azin was advancing on Izhevsk. The 247th regiment included in this division had two Latvian companies. The regiment was commanded by J. Reinfeld, the former commander of the Ufa Latvian battalion destroyed by the Izhevsk troops. Reinberg was the regimental commissar; the detachment of mounted scouts was commanded by T. Kalnin; 3rd battalion - his brother Zh. Kalnyn; machine gun team - Osis; economic part - communist since 1905 Kondrat. So, although there were only two Latvian companies in the 247th regiment, command posts were mainly occupied by Red Latvians. There were also units of Hungarian internationalists in the 2nd Soviet consolidated division.
On November 7, divisional commander V. Azin threw his division into the assault on Izhevsk. The alarm sounded in the city. The entire population rose to defend their hometown. Izhevsk workers rushed into a counterattack, but in the first battle they lost over 800 killed. The battle lasted three days, but the Izhevsk residents could not repel the red regiments, abundantly supplied with machine guns and artillery. On November 9, Azin himself rushed to break through the defense in an armored train, mowing down the city’s defenders with machine guns. On November 10, under the cover of darkness, work detachments, along with part of the population, left the city.
In the morning, divisional commander V. Azin began a bloody massacre of the population remaining in Izhevsk. Relatives of disobedient workers, including old men and women, were shot on the first day by order of V. Azin. The Yaroslavl bloodbath was repeated. For the capture of Izhevsk, V. Azin was awarded the Order of the Red Banner.
These two provisions about the decisive role of the Latvian riflemen in the suppression of the Izhevsk Uprising and their subsequent direct participation in the Red Terror remain a commonplace even in recent works on the Uprising. So, in particular, A.A. Sheptalin claims that “the most loyal and combat-ready forces of the Red Army were sent to suppress the uprising, half of which were “internationalists” who were particularly cruel - units of Latvian and Chinese riflemen, as well as mercenaries from former prisoners of war Hungarians, Austrians, Germans and Turks.” He is echoed by A.A. Petrov: “The Izhevsk workers had no choice but to launch a massive, cartridgeless bayonet attack at the sound of the factory whistle on the morning of November 7. Only the fortitude of Cheverev’s Latvian regiment saved Azin from a completely unexpected and crushing defeat.”
Former journalist of the rebel publications “Izhevsky Defender”, “People’s Power” and others, Anatoly Gutman-Gan writes: “Bolshevik terror fell on Sarapul with all its force. Sailor Vorozhtsov and Commissioner Sedelnikov personally came to the prison at night and shot the victims identified according to pre-compiled lists. Everyone who went to prison knew that, in all likelihood, he would never come out. After nightly bloody orgies, the remaining prisoners were forced to wash the floors and walls of the prison, spattered with blood. In June 1918, following a denunciation from his own workers, Sarapul tannery David Usherenko and his two sons, students of the local real school, were arrested. He was charged with possession of a weapon. For several days, he and the arrested boys were mercilessly tormented and tortured. Finally, at night, sailors arrived at the prison, brutally killed them, and their corpses, completely disfigured, were thrown into the Kama.
Bloody terror, continues Gutman-Gan, also reigned in the Izhevsk plant, located 70 versts from Sarapul. There was no Cheka here, but her duties were performed by the local executive committee. Here they killed not only the intelligentsia, but also peasants and workers suspected of counter-revolution. In villages and villages, Latvian commissars sent from the centers carried out executions and requisitions of bread, honey, butter, eggs and livestock. The headquarters of the 2nd Red Army were concentrated in Sarapul. At that time, the main Bolshevik forces operating here were Latvians, Magyars, Chinese and very few Russian soldiers - the remnants of the old army."

In the book of memoirs of the legendary Izhevsk commander, General V. M. Molchanov, when describing the events of the spring of 1919, it is testified: “When I arrived on the front line of the Second Regiment (we are talking about the Izhevsk division and the famous Izhevsk attack - to the accordion, with nurse Lida Popova dancing in front ), I discovered that we were opposed by a regiment of first-class Red fighters, the Third International Regiment. It was a particularly trusted fighting unit of the Red Army, which consisted of Chinese, Latvians, Hungarians, Communists, and I think a number of Germans."

In the same tone as both his commanders - Fedichkin and Molchanov, he considers the Latvian theme in his memoirs, which were published in 1975 in San Francisco, and an ordinary participant in those events V.M. Naumov.
“Our detachment began to carry out reconnaissance. Not far from the village, we noticed a cavalry detachment approaching us, much larger than ours. As they approached, they shouted, “Who’s coming?” We answered - “Ours” and, approaching closely, unseated their Latvian commissar. The detachment immediately turned back. The commissar we captured in that first skirmish was sentenced to death. How did it happen - did the guards let him go, or did he manage to escape when they were leading him through the forest, in any case, he was later in our village, when we had already left for the Kama, he was at the head of the red detachments.”
“At this time, Izhevsk and Votkinsk,” continues Naumov, “kept in touch and acted in full contact. Echelons were sent from Petrograd to our front, mainly detachments of Latvians and Magyars were sent, but there were also several companies consisting exclusively of Chinese. Now, looking into that distant past, it becomes clear why exactly such detachments were sent to Izhevsk and Votkinsk from red Petrograd; It was dangerous to send Russian detachments against the rebellious Russian workers, and the Magyars, Latvians and Chinese were all a hired “army”, ready to go against anyone. The Latvians and Magyars held out very steadfastly, but the Chinese were literally no good in battles, many of them died during the battles and were sunk in the Kama.”
Participant of the Izhevsk-Votkinsk uprising, in September-October 1918, commander of the Izhevsk Rifle Regiment, subsequently commander of the Izhevsk-Votkinsk Brigade A.G. Efimov recalled: “On this day, the offensive of large Red forces began from the direction of Galyana. This time they collected everything capable of combat from their 2nd Army and sent about 6,000 soldiers to Izhevsk with eight 3-inch cannons, two field howitzers and 32 machine guns. The detachment included a significant number of communists and Latvians and Magyars loyal to the Reds."
“Intensified preparations were underway in the red camp to suppress the uprising of Izhevsk and Votkinsk residents. The defeat, flight and complete collapse of the 2nd Red Army and the obvious sympathy and assistance of the peasants to the rebel workers made the uprising extremely dangerous for the Red government. The unreliability of those mobilized from the local population forced troops to be sent from the center of the country. Perseverance in military clashes required the sending of especially persistent units made up of communists, from “cheka” detachments, from Latvians and Chinese.... The detachments of mercenary foreigners in their cruelty did not differ from home-grown communists, and the struggle took on a ferocious, bloody character with heavy losses at both sides.
Izhevsk residents who were on the “Northern” Front recalled how they had to deal with some kind of international regiment, in which all the soldiers were dressed in red shirts. Heavily intoxicated, they, singing “The Internationale”, which turned into a wild roar as they approached, rushed at their enemy, suffered heavy losses, but repeated the attacks several times...” The stubbornly fighting Red detachment consisted of Latvians. The main forces of Second Lieutenant Vershinin’s group and the left outflanking company did not have time to take part in the battle. But the Reds opened fire on the column of the main forces following the road from the direction of the village of Yakshur-Badya.”
Around this time (according to other sources, it was earlier), Lieutenant Drobinin near the village of Mishkino dealt a crushing blow to the 4th Latvian Regiment, capturing several guns, machine guns and many prisoners and sending the Red Latvians into a hasty flight.
After holding out for more than a month, Kazan was captured by the Reds. They did not undertake an energetic pursuit of the retreating Kazan garrison, and it quite calmly crossed the Kama River near the village of Epanchino near Laishev. The Red troops, liberated near Kazan, sent them against the Izhevsk and Votkinsk people, in a hurry to put an end to the uprising. First of all, Azin's detachment, which formed the 2nd Consolidated Division (later the 28th), and the Latvian regiments were transferred. The 4th Latvian regiment, as noted earlier, was defeated by the Votkinsk troops, and the 5th Latvian regiment, which was badly damaged during the capture of Kazan by Colonel Kappel, apparently acted from the direction of the city of Glazov.”
“The fact of the Izhevsk uprising caused confusion in the Soviet ranks. This was a terrible blow to the heart of Soviet power. After all, it was not the officers and generals of the old army, nor the capitalists or the urban bourgeoisie who rebelled in Izhevsk. Workers and peasants rebelled against the “workers’ and peasants’ power.”
The Izhevsk uprising in the rear of the Kazan group of red detachments was a fatal blow; it threatened to cut off the Soviet army, which was operating on Vyatka, Kama, and Belaya, from the Kazan base. Therefore, in Moscow, the news of the Izhevsk uprising caused panic. Trotsky's hysterical orders rained down “raze treacherous Izhevsk and Votkinsk to the ground”, “mercilessly destroy the residents of Izhevsk and Votkinsk with their families”. Communist and Latvian units were sent out from Moscow, St. Petersburg, and Kazan, receiving the task of clearing the Izhevsk-Votkinsk region of whites at all costs.
There was a strong armed flotilla of the Reds in Sarapul, and there were also many Latvian units. Throughout August, the Reds repeatedly made attempts to land troops on the piers of Golyany and Galevo, intending from there to launch an attack on Izhevsk and Votkinsk, but all these operations ended in failure: the Reds were not able to resist the inspired and brave Izhevsk and Votkinsk residents. Under such unfavorable conditions, the rebel army had to endure continuous battles with the Reds. It was especially difficult for the residents of Votkinsk, who were attacked from both sides by Chinese-Latvian detachments. The Latvians drove the forcibly mobilized peasants on the offensive, placing machine guns in the rear. At this moment, the Reds surrounded Izhevsk and launched a decisive attack on the city from two sides. The headquarters and part of the detachments barely managed to escape on the road to Votkinsk, and thousands of residents and workers did not have time to escape and fell under the power of the Reds.
Eyewitnesses of the capture of Izhevsk by the Reds convey the following details of the bloody massacre of civilians. On November 7, the Reds quickly rushed into Izhevsk. Part of the army did not have time to escape; the soldiers dropped their rifles and ran to the factory. The Reds surrounded the plant and checked the workers. Those who had a work ID were released, but the rest were taken out, gathered in the church square, and everyone was shot with machine guns. In total, about 800 people were killed on the day the city was captured. The bodies of the dead were transported on carts for several days and buried in huge holes in the forest near the factory lake. The next day the Emergency Commission began to operate. They caught everyone the local communists pointed at. After a few days, the prisons and all detention facilities were overcrowded. Those arrested were lying in cellars and barns.
The main contingent of those arrested: workers and employees of the plant. The executions continued for more than a month. The main participants in the executions were the Chinese, Magyars and Latvians. The apartments of working families whose members served in the People's Army were completely looted. The families of the workers who left were killed. »

Moltchanoff V.M. The last white general.// An Interview with onducted by Boris Raymond. 1972 by The University of California at Berkeley. P. 39-40.
Ibid. P.45.
Ibid. P.78.
Ibid. P.80
Naumov V.M. My memories. // Izhevsk-Votkinsk uprising. P. 83.
Right there.
Uk. op. P. 86.
Efimov A.G. Izhevsk and Votkinsk residents. The fight against the Bolsheviks 1918-1920. M., 2008. P. 56.
Decree. op. pp. 66-67.
Decree. op. pp. 72-73.
Decree. op. pp. 80, 82, 87-88.

Causes of the uprising
1918 On both sides of the pond on which the factories stand is the city of Izhevsk with a population of 70,000 inhabitants, mainly workers and employees of these factories. Izhevsk workers are almost all family people, they have their own houses, property, gardens, vegetable gardens, meadows, livestock and poultry. They live firmly in their places in Izhevsk and hold on tightly to a permanent job well paid by the state treasury.

From the first days of the October Revolution, a Council of Workers' Deputies was formed in Izhevsk, which included 250 people. At the next re-election of the Council in June 1918, again the majority of deputies turned out to be non-partisan.

Then the Bolsheviks called a special detachment of the Red Army from Kazan, which dispersed the Izhevsk Council of Workers' Deputies. The former Executive Committee, consisting only of Bolsheviks, was declared the authorized authority in the city. At the same time, former members of the Council had to hide from the new government, fearing reprisals.

After a series of atrocities committed by the Bolsheviks in Izhevsk, the townspeople began to unite around parties created from front-line soldiers. They included officers, military officials and soldiers returning from the war. Their main task was to counter the Bolshevik terror. As a result, all the small parties united into one organization - the "Union of Front-line Soldiers".
The main reason for the unification of the members of this organization were rumors about the upcoming mobilization of former front-line soldiers into the ranks of the Red Army. At secret meetings of the “Union of Front-line Soldiers” it was decided to submit to mobilization only if those mobilized were immediately given weapons and uniforms. This is necessary in order to immediately carry out an armed uprising against the Bolsheviks.

The beginning of the uprising. Creation of the Izhevsk People's Army
On August 7, 1918, in Izhevsk, the Bolsheviks announced an order to mobilize all former participants in the First World War into the ranks of the Red Army to liberate Kazan from the White Guards. The front-line soldiers refused to obey this order. In response to threats from the Bolsheviks, who promised to shoot the disobedient, the front-line soldiers seized 7,000 rifles from the factory and armed themselves. Colonel Dmitry Ivanovich Fedichkin, a participant in the Russian-Japanese and First World Wars, was appointed to command all armed forces operating against the Bolsheviks.

Civil power in the city, which had hitherto been in the hands of the Bolsheviks, now passed into the hands of the Izhevsk Council of Workers' Deputies, which was dispersed by the Bolsheviks. But two days later, the residents of Izhevsk became convinced that such a cumbersome government body, consisting of 250 people, was absolutely incapable of making quick decisions and orders that were necessary during the uprising.
Therefore, on the third day of the uprising, civil power was transferred to the Prikamsky Committee, which consisted of four members of the All-Russian Constituent Assembly, who met in Izhevsk after the dispersal of the Constituent Assembly by the Bolsheviks.

With the change of power, the method of government also changed both in Izhevsk and in the factories. All public and state institutions and establishments closed by the Bolsheviks in the city began to operate as before, as before the Bolsheviks.
All factory workers and employees fired from factories for antipathy towards the Bolsheviks were again hired to their former places. Trade in bread, prohibited by the Bolsheviks, was allowed.

The state of siege was lifted in the city and peacetime order was introduced. The front-line soldiers, who hated the Red Army, were glad that they escaped mobilization into it.

Battles near Izhevsk.
Having rebelled against the Bolsheviks, Izhevsk, with two of the richest state-owned factories, found itself at the center of well-armed Red Army forces.

The very next day after the uprising, Red Army detachments made attempts to capture Izhevsk. But Colonel Fedichkin formed a detachment of 300 front-line soldiers and successfully repelled the Bolshevik offensive from the Kazan Railway. From the Golyansky tract, Izhevsk was defended by a small detachment of artillery officials under the command of staff captain Kurakin.

Surviving banners Izhevskikh And Votkinsky parts

In August 1918, military operations developed successfully for the defenders of Izhevsk.

On August 14, a Red Army detachment of 2,500 infantry men advanced along the Kazan Railway to Izhevsk in trains.
Colonel Fedichkin believed that 300 Izhevsk experienced and disciplined front-line soldiers were ten times better and stronger in battle than the same number of untrained and unbridled Reds. Therefore, he took these 300 front-line soldiers with him and led them to meet the red trains.

6 versts from Izhevsk on the railway line the Izhevsk residents stopped and here they damaged part of the railway track so that the Red trains could not travel further than this place to Izhevsk. Then they set up an ambush in the dense bushes growing on both sides and began to wait for the enemy trains to approach. The residents of Izhevsk did not wait long. Bolshevik trains appeared ahead.
The driver from the front locomotive was the first to notice the destroyed track and, fortunately for the townspeople, stopped the train just where they were expecting it. The residents of Izhevsk did not rush onto the train shouting “Hurray!” because there were too many Reds.
Continuing to hide from the enemy behind the bushes, they accurately shot at the doors and windows of the cars on both sides of the trains, preventing the Bolsheviks from unloading from the cars.

The Bolsheviks realized that the Izhevsk residents had decided to shoot every single one of them in the carriages. I had to hang white rags from the windows. The shooting was stopped. At that moment, 40 Bolsheviks tried to escape from the carriages into the forest, but were caught and disarmed. These turned out to be exactly the people who, with their cruel attitude towards the Izhevsk workers, brought them to an armed uprising. Separately from other captured Red Army soldiers, they were sent to Izhevsk to be massacred by the workers.
On the same day, August 14, the Bolsheviks launched an attack on Izhevsk from the Golyany pier. The Izhevsk headquarters sent there a small detachment of artillery officials under the command of Staff Captain Kurakin. The Reds were forced to retreat.
As a result of the often repeated offensives of the Red Army along the Kazan railway line in trains, Izhevsk residents built a fortified position with a line of full-profile trenches, 12 versts from Izhevsk on the line of this road, on elevated terrain, with a line of trenches of a full profile, for 6 versts along the front, with communication and observation trenches points. All distances to visible objects in front of the position were measured and recorded on tablets in the trenches.

A permanent garrison of 800 people was placed in the trenches, and a reserve was placed two miles from the front line, also in the trenches.
This garrison was commanded by Lieutenant Zebziev, a native Izhevsk resident.

On August 17, 1918, a Red Army detachment of 2,000 infantry, 200 cavalry, and 8 guns advanced again along the railroad from the city of Kazan.
Since the railway track turned out to be dismantled 6 versts from Izhevsk, the detachment disembarked from the cars and unloaded their cannons and machine guns.

The Izhevsk residents hid in their trenches and did not reveal their presence in this position. When the Bolshevik column approached the Izhevsk trenches, the city’s defenders opened fire.
The Bolsheviks, who did not expect anything like this from the Izhevsk workers, began to shoot back and retreat, leaving behind their dead and wounded.

On August 18, a 6,000-strong detachment of Bolsheviks under the command of Antonov approached Izhevsk from the Golyansky tract. He had the strictest orders from Lenin and Trotsky: “Take the Izhevsk factories at all costs.”
The enemy began to destroy the city with cannons. Shells exploded in the streets. Colonel Fedichkin and 600 Izhevsk residents held back the advance of Antonov’s column only with rifle fire. They didn't have guns. In the city itself, a militia was urgently formed, which moved to help the defenders of Izhevsk. Colonel Fedichkin explained the combat mission to the Izhevsk residents: “Surround the enemy in the forest and destroy them.”

Antonov felt a huge hostile force around him and developed such a fierce fire that the militia had to dig into the ground. By dawn on August 19, the enemy had shot all the ammunition and shells. The shooting died down.
The Izhevsk residents rushed at the exhausted Reds with a loud cry of “hurray” and won. The defenders of Izhevsk in this battle became rich with cannon, machine guns, gold looted by the Bolsheviks and a mass of communist literature, which they immediately burned in the forest.

At the end of this battle, the families of the townspeople met their defenders with the ringing of church bells, with a procession of the cross, with a large choir of cathedral singers singing prayers of thanksgiving to God with tears of joy in their eyes.
In August, a detachment of staff captain Kurakin captured the city of Sarapul, freeing it from Red Army detachments. The peasants provided great assistance to the rebels. They sent delegates to Izhevsk with a request to give them weapons to protect their own lives and property from the plunder of Bolshevik food detachments.

The peasant delegates were received in Izhevsk, and their request was granted. Among the peasants there were soldiers and officers with high combat qualifications during the First World War, which the Izhevsk army lacked. Therefore, Colonel Fedichkin, with the consent of the Committee of Members of the All-Russian Constituent Assembly, ordered the chief of staff, a native Izhevsk resident who knew all his people by sight, to form combat detachments from peasant soldiers and officers, arm them and give them combat missions.

For this help, the peasants undertook to bring bread and food supplies to Izhevsk in the required quantities for the factory workers. The peasants quickly formed large detachments from their companies and began to fervently destroy all the Bolshevik food detachments on their territory and fight against the Red Army detachments, which were not allowed to reach Izhevsk.
Thanks to the wealth of telephone and telegraph lines in the Vyatka province, communication between peasant detachments and the headquarters of the Izhevsk People's Army was maintained continuously.

Along the Northern Railway, between the city of Glazov and the Cheptsy station, the Northern Front was formed over a distance of 150 versts, which within three months completely cleared the Glazov and Sarapul districts of Red Army detachments. On the northern front, 10 detachments of 10,000 peasant soldiers each fought under the common command of Izhevsk captain Zuev and the front chief of staff Captain Mironov. The 3rd Red Army, not receiving any troops from the center against the Izhevsk People's Army, was limited to six regiments formed from local peasants who hated the Bolsheviks.

These six regiments worked excellently in favor of the Izhevsk Army, fulfilling their tasks. They advanced all the time and, defeated, retreated, leaving the Izhevsk residents their cannons, machine guns and the bread and cattle taken from the peasants. Then these regiments were replenished again, armed, attacked again, defeated - retreated, leaving new trophies for the Izhevsk residents. This is how they tried to act until the liquidation of the Izhevsk People’s Army.

Causes of defeat
At the end of October 1918, the funds of the Izhevsk Army were depleted. All hope of receiving outside help was lost. The Bolsheviks, having captured Samara and Kazan, attacked Colonel Fedichkin’s army from all sides. They cut off all peasant detachments from Izhevsk and surrounded Izhevsk. In addition, the flotilla of Captain Feodosiev, which protected the Kama from the Bolshevik flotilla passing through it, sailed to Ufa without warning the headquarters of the Izhevsk Army about its departure. The path for the Bolsheviks from the Kama side was open, and the Izhevsk army was cut off from the Ufa troops. This was one of the main reasons for the fall of the Kama region and the Izhevsk People's Army.

On October 20, Colonel Fedichkin gathered the Izhevsk administration and the Committee of Members of the All-Russian Constituent Assembly and announced the immediate evacuation of those who could not trust their lives to the Bolsheviks. While it is possible, over the next few days, evacuate women, children and valuable property. In a week, Izhevsk residents will not have a single cartridge or shell, and “we will have to flee from Izhevsk naked across the ice across the Kama River.”

The Chairman of the Committee of Members of the All-Russian Constituent Assembly, Evseev, did not agree with Colonel Fedichkin and called the evacuation statement cowardice.
Then Colonel Fedichkin demanded that the members of the Prikamsky Committee of the All-Russian Constituent Assembly dismiss him due to his poor state of health and send him to the disposal of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Land and Naval Forces of Russia, General Boldyrev. Having received documents from the Committee of Members of the All-Russian Constituent Assembly, Colonel Fedichkin and his personal adjutant Captain Popkov mounted riding horses and rode into the night through the location of the Red troops in the city of Ufa. A few days later, the Bolsheviks entered Izhevsk and shot 400 workers on the square of St. Michael’s Cathedral.

The Izhevsk People's Army with part of the families and peasant detachments, with great difficulty and hardship, somehow made their way to the location of the forces of General Boldyrev.

With Kolchak
Having broken through the Red ring, the workers moved east to Kolchak’s army. At first they were very wary of them, but General Tikhmeev, who was sent to them with an inspection, soon reported that the workers were an excellent fighting unit and were eager to beat the Bolsheviks. Izhevsk workers were brought together into one rifle division, and they had a special uniform with blue shoulder straps and piping. On their shoulder straps was the letter "I". The workers of the Votkinsk and Sarapul divisions had the same uniform with the letters “B” and “C” on their shoulder straps, respectively. Kolchak had three more divisions, formed mainly from workers of the Urals and Siberia, as well as a separate Petrograd workers’ regiment. The entire Work Corps was commanded by Lieutenant General Molchanov, originally from the city of Elatma, Tambov province.

General Molchanov was a combat officer of the old Russian army and outwardly was no different from his worker soldiers. He wore a gray soldier's overcoat with blue soldier's shoulder straps, on which a general's zigzag was stitched with white thread. The general went with his soldiers into bayonet attacks on the Reds, taking a rifle in his hands, ate with them from the same cauldron and shared with them all the joys and hardships. Many officers of the Workers' Corps were themselves hereditary workers who received their officer's shoulder straps on the fronts of World War I. Lieutenants Ladygin, staff captains Kalashnikov, Mudrynin and Stelyanin, captain Agafonov, captain Seleznev and many others enjoyed special honor. There were also career officers of the Russian Army and even aristocrats in the Corps: Colonels Efremov, Fedichkin and Prince Ukhtomsky. Discipline in the workers' rifle corps was ironclad, and the workers looked at their officers not only as superiors, but also as comrades in arms. The corps was awarded the St. George Banner for bravery, which was personally presented by Admiral Kolchak.

St. George's Banner of the Izhevsk Rifle Division. The official order for awarding was given at the station. Petukhovo September 16, 1919: “The Izhevsk Rifle Division, formed from volunteer workers of Izhevsk and, more recently, other factories in the Urals, from the moment of its existence, has invariably shown high valor and exemplary perseverance in the brutal fight against the enemy, for the benefit of a resurgent Russia. The Izhevsk Rifle Division distinguished itself with especially heroic military exploits during the period from August 30 to September 5 of this year in the battles near Bogaty, Dubrovny, Sundzharsky settlements and the villages of Bolshoye and Maloye Priyutnoye, when it broke the enemy’s stubbornness with especially brutal blows, inflicting huge losses, and captured a large number of trophies and prisoners, forcing the enemy to flee to the West. In reward for valiant heroic merits, courage and courage, I bestow the St. George Banner on the Izhevsk Rifle Division. Honor this banner and keep it in accordance with the proper regulations. Admiral Kolchak"

Battle banner of the Izhevsk Rifle Division. The banner is the “deputy” of the St. George’s Banner. Made independently at the end of 1919, prior to the presentation of the banner by the Supreme Ruler. Featured during the division's parade at the station. Innokentyevskaya in February 1920, where it was carried out by an officer battalion. During the evacuation from Primorye, it was taken to China and then to the United States. Stored in the Izhevsk-Votkinsk Association in San Francisco. On September 29, 1968, during the celebration of the 50th anniversary of the uprising at the factories, the stage of a ceremonial meeting was decorated. Its whereabouts are currently unknown (possibly lost).

Banner of the Votkinsk artillery division. Granted to Transbaikalia by order of the Commander of the Far Eastern Army, General S.N. Voitsekhovsky for saving the cannons during the Great Siberian Campaign.

Shoulder straps of the captain of the Izhevsk division, junior non-commissioned officer of the 15th Votkinsk division (1919-1920), captain of the 1st Votkinsk artillery division (1920 - 1922). Artist A. Lebedeva

The Working Rifle Corps walked its entire thorny path from the Ural mountains to the Pacific Ocean, sprinkling the white snows of vast Siberia with its blood. All of his surviving soldier-workers were awarded the badge “For the Great Siberian Campaign.” This sign, made of silver, depicted a crown of thorns, on which lay a naked sword. It was worn along with other military awards on a black and orange St. George ribbon.

It is not their fault that the White movement of Russia failed then. They did everything they could. General Molchanov took his soldier-workers to Vladivostok, from where they were transported to Manchuria. From Manchuria he makes an attempt to return to his homeland. In 1921, he crossed the border and occupied Khabarovsk, Volochaevka and Spassk. But, having met on his way the Bolshevik forces tens of times superior to his, he was forced to return to China. There, in Harbin and Shanghai, workers of the Corps create the Izhevsk-Votkinsk Industrial Partnership. Many are still in the 20s. went to America, where they created a branch of the Partnership in San Francisco, amazing Americans with their high working qualifications, which, according to the Americans, their workers did not have.

The last workers left Harbin and Shanghai in 1945, due to the advent of communist power in China. They went to America to join their comrades and friends in arms, some moved to Australia, and others settled in European countries. Today, their descendants come together annually on August 16 - the Day of the beginning of the workers' uprising in the Urals against the Bolsheviks

Izhevsk division of Kolchak

created by order of Kolchak on August 14. 1919 from the Izhevsk brigade, replenished with volunteers and mobilization. residents of Udmurtia and the Urals, mainly from the participants of the Izhevsk-Votkinsk anti-Bolshevik uprising. She fought against the advancing Red troops of the 5th Army of M.N. Tukhachevsky. Izhevtsy were part of the shock group. Lieutenant General S.N. Voitsekhovsky. As a result of the defeat in the Chelyabinsk operation in Div. There are just over 500 bayonets left. Aug 14 1919 introduced into Armenian. Reserve, set aside for the Tobol River. K con. Aug. Izhevsk residents created 14 recruiting camps. points from Omsk to Novonikolaevsk to recruit soldiers from among refugees. A special facility was opened in Tomsk. bureau for the improvement of Izhevsk residents, collecting donations. In con. Aug. behaved bitterly. battles near Petropavlovsk, she was surrounded, but thanks to the efforts of the division commander general. V.M. Molchanova managed to escape. Transferred to the Volga gr. 3rd Army. Aug 30 received reinforcements - the 4th Orenburg Cossack Regiment and, launching an attack on the Reds, broke through the front. K ser. Sep. div. laid aside for rest and reorganized. In the beginning. Jan. 1920 Izhevsk residents approached Krasnoyarsk, where V.O. Kappel’s army united with the 3rd Army of Lieutenant General. S.N. Voitsekhovsky and moved towards Irkutsk. 6 Feb. on the approaches to Irkutsk she was defeated and, having bypassed the city, went to Transbaikalia. 3rd and 4th regiments I.D.K. were almost completely destroyed. Remains of the divas. located in the Chita region. Gene. Molchanov became a com. 3rd department shooter corps, the backbone of which was made up of the Izhevsk and Votkinsk divas. Oct 19 1920 in the region of Borzya station, where the Germans held the defense, fierce battles broke out. In a month of fighting, Izhevsk lost approx. 400 people Remains of the divas. retreated to Manchuria, then moved to Primorye. By the spring of 1921, Izhevsk and Votkinsk residents numbered 1,506 people, incl. 231 officers. Soon all the whites. The units were united under the command of Gen. Molchanov in Belopovstanch. army, in which the Izhevsk and Votkinsk residents formed a department. Izhevsk-Votkinsk brigade (975 bayonets, 245 sabers, 2 guns). Com. brigade regiment A.G. Efimov. From 22 Nov. 1921 she knocked the Reds out of Spassk, from 21 to 22 December. from Khabarovsk, on Dec. - Feb. fought at the station. Volochaevka. 27-28 Feb. The Izhevsk-Votkinsk brigade took its last battle at Bikin station, then went to Primorye under the protection of Japanese units. The remnants of Izhevsk and Votkinsk residents remained in Primorye until the middle. Oct. 1922. Having suffered graduation. defeat at Spassk, they crossed the Chinese border and were interned. by the authorities. Some of them returned to Sov Russia, some went to California (USA), some remained in China and participated in the Okhotsk campaign of the general. A.N. Pepelyaev (1923). She was awarded the St. George Banner and the St. George Cross, IV Art.