Academician Likhachev. Dmitry Likhachev

Childhood D.S. Likhachev fell during that short but brilliant time in the history of Russian culture, which is usually called the Silver Age. Parents D.S. Likhachev did not belong to a literary or artistic environment (his father was an engineer), however, this era also affected their family. Likhachev's parents' great hobby was ballet. Every year, despite the lack of funds, they tried to rent an apartment as close as possible to the Mariinsky Theater, bought two ballet tickets to the third tier box and did not miss almost a single performance. Little Dmitry also attended the theater with his parents from the age of four. In the summer, the family went to the dacha in Kuokkala. Many representatives of the artistic and literary world of St. Petersburg vacationed here. On the paths of the local park one could meet I.E. Repina, K.I. Chukovsky, F.I. Shalyapin, Sun. Meyerhold, M. Gorky, L. Andreev and other writers, artists, actors, musicians. Some of them performed in an amateur country theater, reading poetry and memoirs. “People of art have become, if not familiar to us all, then easily recognizable, close, and approachable,” says D.S. Likhachev.

In 1914, a month after the outbreak of World War I, Mitya Likhachev went to school. First he studied at the Gymnasium of the Humane Society (1914–1915), then at the Gymnasium and real school of K.I. May (1915–1917), and finally - at the school named after. L. Lentovskaya (1918–1923). Having already crossed the eighty-year mark of life, D.S. Likhachev will write: “...secondary school creates a person, higher school gives a specialty.” Those educational institutions in which he studied as a child truly “created man.” Studying at the Lentovskaya school had a particularly great influence on the boy. Despite the hardships of the revolutionary times and significant material difficulties (the school building was not heated, so in winter children sat in coats and mittens over gloves), the school managed to create a special atmosphere of cooperation between teachers and students. There were many talented teachers among the teachers. There were circles at the school, the meetings of which were attended not only by schoolchildren and teachers, but also by famous scientists and writers. D.S. Likhachev especially liked to participate in literature and philosophy circles. At this time, the boy begins to seriously reflect on worldview issues and even thinks through his own philosophical system (in the spirit of A. Bergson and N. O. Lossky, who fascinated him at that time). He finally decides to become a philologist and, despite his parents’ advice to choose a more profitable profession as an engineer, in 1923 he entered the ethnological and linguistic department of the Faculty of Social Sciences of Petrograd University.

University

Despite the repressions against the intelligentsia that had already begun, the 1920s were the heyday of the humanities in Russia. D.S. Likhachev had every reason to say: “In the 1920s, Leningrad University was the best university in the world in the humanities. There was no such professorship as Leningrad University had at that time in any university either before or after.” There were many outstanding scientists among the teachers. It is enough to name the names of V.M. Zhirmunsky, L.V. Shcherby, D.I. Abramovich (with whom D.S. Likhachev wrote his thesis on stories about Patriarch Nikon), etc.

Lectures, classes in archives and libraries, endless conversations on worldview topics in a long university corridor, attending public speeches and debates, philosophical circles - all this fascinated and spiritually and intellectually enriched the young man. “Everything around was extremely interesting<…>the only thing I had an acute lack of was time,” recalls Dmitry Sergeevich.

But this culturally and intellectually rich life unfolded against an increasingly gloomy social background. The persecution of the old intelligentsia intensified. People learned to live in anticipation of arrest. The persecution of the Church did not stop. It is about them that D.S. Likhachev remembers with particular pain: “You always remember your youth kindly. But I, and my other friends at school, university and clubs, have something that is painful to remember, that stings my memory and that was the most difficult thing in my young years. This is the destruction of Russia and the Russian Church, which took place before our eyes with murderous cruelty and which, it seemed, left no hope for revival.”

However, the persecution of the Church, contrary to the wishes of the authorities, led not to a decrease, but to an increase in religiosity. In those years when, according to D.S. Likhachev, “churches were closed and desecrated, services were interrupted by trucks driving up to churches with brass bands or amateur choirs of Komsomol members playing on them,” educated youth went to churches. Literary and philosophical circles, which existed in large numbers before 1927 in Leningrad, began to acquire a predominantly religious, philosophical or theological character. D.S. In the twenties, Likhachev attended one of them - a circle called Helfernak (“Artistic, Literary, Philosophical and Scientific Academy”), meetings were held in the apartment of school teacher I.M. Likhachev. Andreevsky. On August 1, 1927, by decision of the participants, the circle was transformed into the Brotherhood of St. Seraphim of Sarov. In addition, D.S. Likhachev also participated in another circle, the Space Academy of Sciences. The activities of this comic academy, which consisted of writing and discussing semi-serious scientific reports, trips to Tsarskoe Selo and friendly practical jokes, attracted the attention of the authorities, and its members were arrested. Following this, members of the Brotherhood of St. Seraphim of Sarov were also arrested (the investigation into both circles was combined into one case). The day of the arrest - February 8, 1928 - became the beginning of a new page in the life of D.S. Likhacheva. After a six-month investigation, he was sentenced to five years in the camps. A few months after graduating from Leningrad University (1927), he was sent to Solovki, which Likhachev would call his “second and main university.”

The Solovetsky Monastery, founded by the Monks Zosima and Savvaty in the 13th century, was closed in 1922 and turned into the Solovetsky special-purpose camp. It became a place where thousands of prisoners served their sentences (at the beginning of the 1930s, their number reached 650 thousand, of which 80% were so-called “political” and “counter-revolutionaries”).

Forever D.S. Likhachev remembers the day when their convoy was unloaded from the wagons at the transit point in Kemi. The hysterical screams of the guards, the shouts of Beloozerov, who was taking the stage: “The power here is not Soviet, but Solovetsky,” the order for the entire column of prisoners, tired and chilled in the wind, to run around the pillar, raising their legs high - all this seemed so fantastic in its absurd reality that D. WITH. Likhachev could not stand it and laughed. “We’ll laugh later,” Beloozerov shouted at him threateningly.
Indeed, there was little funny in Solovetsky life. D.S. Likhachev experienced its hardships to the fullest. He worked as a sawyer, a loader, an electrician, a cow shed, a “vridlo” (a vridlo is a temporary horse, as prisoners who were harnessed to carts and sleighs instead of horses were called on Solovki), lived in a barracks, where at night the bodies were hidden under an even layer of swarming lice, dying of typhus. Prayer and the support of friends helped me get through it all. Thanks to the help of Bishop Victor (Ostrovidov) and Archpriest Nikolai Piskanovsky, who became D.S.’s spiritual father on Solovki. Likhachev and his comrades in the Brotherhood of St. Seraphim of Sarov, the future scientist managed to leave grueling general work in the Criminological Office, which was organizing a children's colony. At his new job, he had the opportunity to do a lot to save the “louses” - teenagers who had lost all their clothes at cards, lived in barracks under bunks and were doomed to starvation. In the Criminological Office, Likhachev communicated with many remarkable people, of whom the famous religious philosopher A.A. made a particularly strong impression on him. Meyer.

An incident occurred on Solovki that had great consequences for D.S.’s internal self-awareness. Likhacheva. At the end of November 1928, mass executions began in the camp. Likhachev, who was on a date with his parents, having learned that they were coming for him, did not return to the barracks and sat at the woodpile all night, listening to the shots. The events of that terrible night produced a revolution in his soul. He would later write: “I realized this: every day is a gift from God. I need to live for the day to day, to be satisfied that I live another day. And be grateful for every day. Therefore, there is no need to be afraid of anything in the world. And one more thing - since the execution this time was carried out as a warning, I later found out that an even number of people were shot: either three hundred or four hundred people, along with those who followed soon after. It is clear that someone else was “taken” instead of me. And I need to live for two. So that I don’t feel ashamed in front of the one who was married to me!”

In 1931 D.S. Likhachev was transferred from Solovki to the White Sea-Baltic Canal, and on August 8, 1932 he was released from prison and returned to Leningrad. The era in his biography is ending, about which he said in 1966: “The stay on Solovki was the most significant period of my life.”

Pushkin House

Returning to his hometown, D.S. Likhachev could not get a job for a long time: his criminal record got in the way. His health was undermined by the Solovki. A stomach ulcer opened, the disease was accompanied by severe bleeding, Likhachev spent months in the hospital. Finally, he managed to become a scientific proofreader at the publishing house of the Academy of Sciences.

At this time he reads a lot and returns to scientific activities. In 1935 D.S. Likhachev married Zinaida Aleksandrovna Makarova, and in 1937 they had two girls - twins Vera and Lyudmila. In 1938 D.S. Likhachev went to work at the Institute of Russian Literature (Pushkin House) of the USSR Academy of Sciences, where on June 11, 1941 he defended his dissertation for the degree of candidate of philological sciences on the topic “Novgorod chronicles of the 12th century.”

Eleven days after the defense, the Great Patriotic War began. Due to health reasons D.S. Likhachev was not called up to the front and remained in besieged Leningrad until June 1942. He remembers how the day went in their family. In the morning we heated the potbelly stove with books, then together with the children we prayed, prepared meager food (crushed bones, boiled many times, soup made from wood glue, etc.). Already at six o'clock in the evening we went to bed, trying to throw on as much warm clothing as possible. We read a little by the light of the smokehouse and for a long time could not fall asleep due to thoughts about food and the internal cold permeating the body. It is amazing that in such a situation D.S. Likhachev did not give up his studies in science. Having survived the severe winter of the siege, in the spring of 1942 he began collecting materials on the poetics of ancient Russian literature and prepared (in collaboration with M.A. Tikhanova) a study “Defense of Old Russian Cities.” This book, published in 1942, was the first book published by D.S. Likhachev.

After the war D.S. Likhachev is actively involved in science. In 1945–1946 His books “National Identity of Ancient Rus'”, “Novgorod the Great”, “Culture of Rus' in the Age of the Formation of the Russian National State” were published. In 1947 he defended his doctoral dissertation “Essays on the history of literary forms of chronicle writing of the 11th–16th centuries.” Student and employee D.S. Likhacheva O.V. Tvorogov writes: “D.S.’s own scientific path. Likhachev began somewhat unusually - not with a series of articles on specific issues and minor publications, but with generalizing works: in 1945–1947. Three books were published one after another, covering the history of Russian literature and culture over several centuries.<...>In these books, a feature characteristic of many of Likhachev’s works appeared - the desire to consider literature in its closest connections with other areas of culture - education, science, fine arts, folklore, folk ideas and beliefs. This broad approach allowed the young scientist to immediately rise to those heights of scientific generalizations that are the threshold of conceptual discoveries.” In 1950 D.S. Likhachev prepared for publication in the “Literary Monuments” series two most important works of ancient Russian literature - “The Tale of Bygone Years” and “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign.” In 1953 he was elected a corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences, and in 1970 - a full member of the USSR Academy of Sciences. He becomes one of the most authoritative Slavists in the world. His most significant works: “Man in the Literature of Ancient Rus'” (1958), “Culture of Rus' in the Time of Andrei Rublev and Epiphanius the Wise” (1962), “Textology” (1962), “Poetics of Old Russian Literature” (1967), “Eras and Styles” "(1973), "The Great Legacy" (1975).

D.S. Likhachev not only himself was engaged in the study of ancient Russian literature, but was also able to gather and organize scientific forces for its study. From 1954 until the end of his life, he was the head of the Sector (since 1986 - Department) of Old Russian Literature of the Pushkin House, which became the country's main scientific center on this topic. The scientist did a lot to popularize ancient Russian literature, so that its seven centuries of history became known to a wide circle of readers. On his initiative and under his leadership, the series “Monuments of Literature of Ancient Rus'” was published, awarded the State Prize of the Russian Federation in 1993. “In total, about 300 works were published in 12 books of the series (not counting the poems that made up the last volume). Translations and detailed commentaries made the monuments of medieval literature accessible to any non-specialist reader. The publication of “Monuments” made it possible to convincingly refute the still prevailing idea of the poverty and monotony of Russian medieval literature,” writes O.V. Tvorogov.

In the 1980s–1990s, D.S.’s voice was especially loud. Likhachev the publicist. In his articles, interviews, and speeches, he raised such topics as the protection of cultural monuments, the ecology of cultural space, historical memory as a moral category, etc. He devoted a lot of energy to work in the Soviet (since 1991 - Russian) Cultural Fund, created on his initiative . Spiritual authority D.S. Likhachev was so great that he was rightly called “the conscience of the nation.”

In 1998, the scientist was awarded the Order of Apostle Andrew the First-Called “For Faith and Fidelity to the Fatherland” for his contribution to the development of national culture. He became the first holder of the Order of St. Andrew the Apostle after the restoration of this highest award in Russia.

Dmitry Sergeevich Likhachev died on September 30, 1999. His books, articles, conversations are that great heritage, the study of which will help preserve the spiritual traditions of Russian culture, to which he dedicated his life.

Priest Dimitry Dolgushin,
PhD in Philology

Academician Dmitry Sergeevich Likhachev (1906-1999). short biography

short biography

Dmitry Sergeevich Likhachev was born, lived most of his life and ended his days in St. Petersburg. He was born on November 15, 1906. (In 1918, a new calendar style was introduced in Russia, and now his birthday in the new style is designated as November 28).

Studied D.S. Likhachev first in the gymnasium of the Humane Society (1914-1915), then in the Gymnasium and real school of K.I. May (1915-1917), completed his secondary education at the Soviet Labor School named after. L. Lentovskaya (1918-1923). From 1923 to 1928 he studied at Leningrad State University at the Faculty of Social Sciences, in the ethnological and linguistic department. Here he developed a special love for his native history and culture and began to explore ancient Russian literature.

Immediately after graduating from the university, Dmitry Likhachev was arrested on a false denunciation and accused of counter-revolutionary activities and 1928-1932. spent in prison: first six months in prison, then two years in the Solovetsky special purpose camp, and, finally, at the convict construction site of the White Sea-Baltic Canal. This period, academician D.S. Likhachev subsequently called it “the most important time in his life,” because, having gone through the terrible trials of prisons and camps, he learned sacrificial love for people and always following the path of Good.

In the fall of 1932, Dmitry Sergeevich began working as a literary editor in Sotsegiz, in 1934 he was transferred to the Publishing House of the USSR Academy of Sciences, and in 1938 he began working at the Institute of Russian Literature (Pushkin House). Here he wrote a chapter on ancient Russian literature of the 11th-13th centuries for the collective work “The History of the Culture of Ancient Rus'” (vol. 2). He wrote this work with great inspiration - “like a poem in prose.” In 1938, the scientist’s criminal record was finally cleared.

In 1935, Dmitry Sergeevich Likhachev married Zinaida Aleksandrovna Makarova. In 1937, their twin daughters were born - Vera and Lyudmila.

In 1941 he became a senior researcher at the Institute of Russian Literature. In the same year he defended his candidate's dissertation on the topic "Novgorod chronicle codes of the 12th century." While under siege in Leningrad, he writes and publishes the book “Defense of Ancient Russian Cities” (1942). In June 1942, the scientist and his family were evacuated to Kazan.

In the victorious year of 1945, D.S. Likhachev writes and publishes the book “National Identity of Ancient Rus'”. The following year he receives the medal "For Valiant Labor in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945."

In 1946, he became an associate professor, and since 1951, a professor at Leningrad State University: he teaches courses on the history of Russian chronicles, paleography and the cultural history of Ancient Rus'.

In 1947 D.S. Likhachev is defending his dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philology on the topic: “Essays on the history of literary forms of chronicle writing of the 11th-16th centuries.” In the middle of the century (1950), two remarkable books were published in the “Literary Monuments” series, accompanied by his scientific articles and commentaries: “The Tale of Bygone Years” and “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign.” Likhachev literature ancient Russian scientist

In 1953, the scientist was elected a corresponding member, and in 1970 - a full member of the USSR Academy of Sciences. This late election was due to the fact that the scientific works of this great scientist did not reflect the materialistic and anti-religious paradigm of official science. Meanwhile, D.S. Likhachev was elected a foreign member and corresponding member of a number of countries, as well as an honorary doctorate from the universities of Sofia, Budapest, Oxford, Bordeaux, Edinburgh and Zurich.

Works of Academician D.S. Likhachev's works on Russian chronicles and on problems of history and theory of Russian literature and culture have become internationally recognized classics of philological science. He is the author of more than 500 scientific papers and about 600 publications on a wide range of problems in the study of history, literature, culture and the protection of monuments of the cultural and historical heritage of Russia. His article “Ecology of Culture” (Moscow magazine, 1979, No. 7) significantly strengthened the public discussion on the protection of cultural monuments. From 1986 to 1993, academician D.S. Likhachev was the chairman of the Soviet Culture Fund (since 1991 - the Russian Culture Fund).

In 1981, his daughter Vera died in a car accident. The scientist said many times that her death was the most sorrowful event in his life.

In 1988, in the year of celebrating the 1000th anniversary of the Baptism of Rus', Academician D.S. Likhachev took an active part in the celebrations taking place in Veliky Novgorod.

The scientist had many awards, both domestic and foreign. Among them are the highest awards of the USSR - the Stalin Prize (1952), the title of Hero of Socialist Labor and the Hammer and Sickle gold medal (1986), the Great Gold Medal named after. M.V. Lomonosov (1993), Order "For Merit to the Fatherland" II degree (1996), Order of Apostle Andrew the First-Called "For Faith and Fidelity to the Fatherland" for his contribution to the development of national culture. He became the first holder of the Order of St. Andrew the Apostle after the restoration of this highest award in Russia.

In 1989-1991 Academician D.S. Likhachev was elected people's deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR from the Soviet Cultural Foundation.

In 1992, the scientist became chairman of the public anniversary Sergius Committee for preparations for the celebration of the 600th anniversary of the repose of St. Sergius of Radonezh.

His most significant works: “Man in the Literature of Ancient Rus'” (1958), “Culture of Rus' in the Time of Andrei Rublev and Epiphanius the Wise” (1962), “Textology” (1962), “Poetics of Old Russian Literature” (1967), “Eras and Styles” "(1973), "The Great Heritage" (1975), "Poetry of Gardens" (1982), "Letters about the Good and the Beautiful" (1985), a collection of articles "The Past for the Future", (1985). Some of his books have been reprinted several times.

After his death, a wonderful collection of his articles, “Russian Culture” (2000), was published - a book that became the scientist’s testament to his contemporaries and the younger generation of Russian citizens.

November 28, 2006 marks the 100th anniversary of the birth of the great scientist. 2006 President of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin declared the Year of Likhachev.

Biography

Born in St. Petersburg on November 28, 1906. At the age of 11, he witnessed the 1917 revolution. A few years later, already as a student, he was arrested for participating in a meeting of one of the then popular student circles, sentenced to five years of correctional labor and exiled to Solovki in the former Solovetsky Monastery, located in northern Russia, which became one of the first camps of the notorious system GULAG. This experience did not break, but strengthened the young Likhacheva; he wrote that “all the inconveniences, hardships and even misfortunes that one may have to go through because of one’s beliefs are nothing compared to the mental and spiritual torment that is inevitable if one renounces one’s principles.” Likhachev was able to survive the Soviet era without compromising either his deep religious beliefs or his patriotic love for Russia. He, more than anyone else, had to do with the formation of that true "Russian individuality", which combines healthy patriotism, a deep understanding and reverence for all aspects of Russian culture, and a wide openness and receptivity towards Western and other non-Russian cultures (including numerous cultures of small nationalities that became part of Rus' long before Peter the Great founded St. Petersburg - his hometown Dmitry Likhachev); and he himself was the embodiment of this individuality.

As a member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Dmitry Likhachev headed the Department of Old Russian Literature of the Institute of Russian Literature ("Pushkin House") of the Russian Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg. He was not only the greatest scientist of his time, one of the most authoritative experts in the field of ancient Russian literature, but also one of the loudest and most persistent voices calling the nation to humanism and democracy.

Following Mikhail Gorbachev, who was a popularly recognized leader in the mid-80s, Likhachev became in his country one of the most revered and authoritative figures, who for millions of “ordinary” people was a symbol of the struggle for the triumph of truth and the restoration of humanitarian and spiritual traditions that were mercilessly destroyed during the Soviet era.

Likhachev was an adviser to Mikhail and Raisa Gorbachev on cultural and spiritual issues. He was a prominent figure in the Soviet parliament. During the coup attempt in August 1991, when the future of Russia was in the balance, he gave one of his most sincere and moving speeches, noting that only the ability to express one's thoughts out loud has a truly high moral meaning, even if the consequences and results cannot be predicted. . And he subsequently convinced President Yeltsin to take part in a “very controversial” event - the burial of the remains of the last Tsar of the Russian Empire, Nicholas, and members of the imperial family on July 18, 1997. He also helped in drafting the President’s moving speech.

Likhachev was an honorary co-chair of the Russian Open World Leadership Program, established and funded by the US Congress. He died on September 30, the day the 1999 exchange program ended. Dmitry Likhachev's personal dedication to the program (he personally selected all participants nominated in 1999) and his highest authority in Russia for many participants became the decisive argument for participation in the Open World program. By and large, Dmitry Sergeevich Likhachev truly was the “conscience of Russia” and the embodiment of the great Russian tradition of faith and spiritual devotion both in literature and in life.

Dmitry Sergeevich Likhachev(November 28, 1906, St. Petersburg, Russian Empire - September 30, 1999, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation) - Russian philologist, art critic, screenwriter, academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences (until 1991 - USSR Academy of Sciences).

Author of fundamental works devoted to the history of Russian literature (mainly Old Russian) and Russian culture. Author of works (including more than forty books) on a wide range of problems in the theory and history of ancient Russian literature, many of which have been translated into different languages. Author of 500 scientific and about 600 journalistic works. Likhachev made a significant contribution to the development of the study of ancient Russian literature and art. Likhachev's range of scientific interests is very wide: from the study of icon painting to the analysis of prison life of prisoners. Throughout all the years of his activity, he was an active defender of culture, a promoter of morality and spirituality. He was directly involved in the preservation and restoration of various cultural sites of St. Petersburg and its suburbs.

Father - Sergei Mikhailovich Likhachev, electrical engineer, mother - Vera Semyonovna Likhacheva, nee Konyaeva.

In November 1931 he was transferred from the Solovetsky camp to Belbaltlag, worked as an accountant and railway dispatcher on the construction of the White Sea-Baltic Canal.

He was released early in 1932 and returned to Leningrad. In 1932-33 he was the literary editor of Sotsekgiz.* Publication of the article “Features of primitive primitivism of thieves’ speech” in the collection of the Institute of Language and Thought named after. N. Ya. Marra “Language and Thinking.” In 1936, all criminal records against Likhachev were cleared, at the request of Karpinsky.

Twin daughters Vera and Lyudmila Likhachev were born.

Junior, since - senior researcher (IRLI AS USSR).

He was with his family in besieged Leningrad.
Publication of the first book “Defense of Old Russian Cities” (1942), written jointly. with M. A. Tikhanova.

candidate of philological sciences on the topic: “Novgorod chronicles of the 12th century.”

Together with his family, he was evacuated along the Road of Life from besieged Leningrad to Kazan.

Awarded the medal "For the Defense of Leningrad".

Father Sergei Mikhailovich Likhachev died in besieged Leningrad.

Scientific maturity

Publication of the books “National Identity of Ancient Rus'. Essays from the field of Russian literature of the 11th-17th centuries.” M.-L., Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences. 1945. 120 p. (phototype reprint book: The Hugue, 1969) and “Novgorod the Great: Essay on the cultural history of Novgorod 11-17 centuries.” L., Gospolitizdat. 1945. 104 p. 10 t.e. (reprint: M., Sov. Russia. 1959.102 p.).

Awarded the medal “For Valiant Labor in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945.”
Publication of the book “Culture of Rus' in the era of the formation of the Russian national state. (End of the 14th - beginning of the 16th century)." M., Gospolitizdat. 1946. 160 p. 30 t.e. (phototype reprint of the book: The Hugue, 1967).

Associate Professor, professor at Leningrad State University. At the Faculty of History of Leningrad State University he taught special courses “History of Russian Chronicles”, “Paleography”, “History of the Culture of Ancient Rus'”, etc.

He defended his dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philology on the topic: “Essays on the history of literary forms of chronicle writing in the 16th century.”
Publication of the book “Russian Chronicles and Their Cultural and Historical Significance” M.-L., Publishing House of the USSR Academy of Sciences. 1947. 499 p. 5 t.e. (phototype reprint of the book: The Hugue, 1966).

Member of the Scientific Council of the Institute of Literature of the USSR Academy of Sciences.

Publication of “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign” in the “Literary Monuments” series with translation and comments by D. S. Likhachev.
Publication of “The Tale of Bygone Years” in the “Literary Monuments” series with translation (jointly with B. A. Romanov) and comments by D. S. Likhachev (reprinted: St. Petersburg, 1996).
Publication of the articles “Historical and political outlook of the author of “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign”” and “Oral origins of the artistic system of “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign””.
Publication of the book: “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign”: Historical and literary essay. (NPS). M.-L., Publishing House of the USSR Academy of Sciences. 1950. 164 p. 20 t.e. 2nd ed., add. M.-L., Publishing House of the USSR Academy of Sciences. 1955. 152 p. 20 t.e.

Confirmed with the rank of professor.
Publication of the article “Literature of the XI-XIII centuries.” in the collective work “The History of Culture of Ancient Rus'”. (Volume 2. Pre-Mongol period), which received the USSR State Prize.

The Stalin Prize of the second degree was awarded for the collective scientific work “The History of Culture of Ancient Rus'. T. 2".
Publication of the book “The Emergence of Russian Literature.” M.-L., Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences. 1952. 240 p. 5 t.e.

Elected corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences.
Publication of the articles “Folk poetic creativity during the heyday of the ancient Russian early feudal state (X-XI centuries)” and “Folk poetic creativity during the years of feudal fragmentation of Rus' - before the Tatar-Mongol invasion (XII-early XIII centuries)” in the collective work “Russian folk poetic creativity."

Awarded the Prize of the Presidium of the USSR Academy of Sciences for the work “The Emergence of Russian Literature.”
Awarded the medal "For Labor Valor".

Head of the Sector, with - Department of Old Russian Literature, Institute of Literature of the USSR Academy of Sciences.

The first speech in the press in defense of ancient monuments (“Literaturnaya Gazeta”, January 15, 1955).

1955-1999

Member of the Bureau of the Department of Literature and Language of the USSR Academy of Sciences.

Member of the Union of Writers of the USSR (Criticism Section), since 1992 - member of the Union of Writers of St. Petersburg.
Member of the Archaeographic Commission of the USSR Academy of Sciences, since 1974 - member of the Bureau of the Archaeographic Commission of the USSR Academy of Sciences.

First trip abroad - sent to Bulgaria to work in manuscript repositories.
Participated in the work of the IV International Congress of Slavists (Moscow), where he was chairman of the subsection of ancient Slavic literatures. A report was made “Some tasks of studying the second South Slavic influence in Russia.”
Publication of the book “Man in the Literature of Ancient Rus'” M.-L., Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences. 1958. 186 p. 3 t.e. (reprint: M., 1970; Likhachev D.S. Selected works: In 3 vols. T. 3. L., 1987) and the brochure “Some problems of studying the second South Slavic influence in Russia.” M., Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences. 1958. 67 p. 1 t.e.

Deputy Chairman of the permanent Editorial and Textological Commission of the International Committee of Slavists.

Member of the Academic Council of the Museum of Ancient Russian Art. Andrey Rublev.

A granddaughter, Vera, was born, the daughter of Lyudmila Dmitrievna (from her marriage to Sergei Zilitinkevich, a physicist).

Participated in the I International Conference on Poetics (Poland).

Deputy Chairman of the Leningrad branch of the Soviet-Bulgarian Friendship Society.

1960-1999

Member of the Academic Council of the State Russian Museum.
Member of the Soviet (Russian) Committee of Slavists.

Participated in the II International Conference on Poetics (Poland).
Since 1961, member of the editorial board of the journal “Izvestia of the USSR Academy of Sciences. Department of Literature and Language".
Publication of books: “Culture of the Russian people 10-17 centuries.” M.-L., Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences. 1961. 120 p. 8 t.e. (2nd ed.) M.-L., 1977. and “The Lay of Igor’s Campaign” - the heroic prologue of Russian literature.” M.-L., Goslitizdat. 1961. 134 p. 30 t.e. 2nd ed. L.,HL.1967.119 p.200 t.e.

Deputy of the Leningrad City Council of Workers' Deputies.

Trip to Poland
Publication of the books “Textology: Based on the material of Russian literature of the X - XVII centuries.” M.-L., Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences. 1962. 605 p. 2500 e. (reprint: Leningrad, 1983; St. Petersburg, 2001) and “Culture of Rus' during the time of Andrei Rublev and Epiphanius the Wise (late XIV - early XV centuries)” M.-L., Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences. 1962. 172 p. 30 t.e.

(republished: Likhachev D.S. Thoughts about Russia. St. Petersburg, 1999).

Elected foreign member of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences.
He was awarded the Order of Cyril and Methodius, 1st degree, by the Presidium of the People's Assembly of the People's Republic of Bulgaria.
Participated in the V International Congress of Slavists (Sofia).
Sent to Austria to give lectures.

Member of the Artistic Council of the Second Creative Association of Lenfilm.

Since 1963, member of the editorial board of the USSR Academy of Sciences series “Popular Science Literature”.

Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun (Poland).
Trip to Hungary to read papers at the Hungarian Academy of Sciences.
A trip to Yugoslavia to participate in a symposium dedicated to the study of the work of Vuk Karadzic, and to work in manuscript repositories.

Trip to Poland to give lectures and reports.
Trip to Czechoslovakia for a meeting of the permanent Editorial and Textual Commission of the International Committee of Slavists.
Trip to Denmark for the South-North Symposium, organized by UNESCO.

Member of the Organizing Committee of the All-Russian Society for the Protection of Historical and Cultural Monuments.

Member of the Commission for the Protection of Cultural Monuments of the Union of Artists of the RSFSR.

Awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor for services to the development of Soviet philological science and in connection with the 60th anniversary of his birth.
Trip to Bulgaria for scientific work.
Trip to Germany for a meeting of the permanent Editorial and Textual Commission of the International Committee of Slavists.

A granddaughter, Zina, was born, the daughter of Vera Dmitrievna (from her marriage to Yuri Kurbatov, an architect). Currently, Zinaida Kurbatova is a correspondent for Vesti St. Petersburg on Russia 1 channel.

Elected honorary doctor of the University of Oxford (Great Britain).
Trip to the UK to give lectures.
Participated in the General Assembly and scientific symposium of the Council for History and Philosophy of UNESCO (Romania).
Publication of the book “Poetics of Old Russian Literature” L., Science. 1967. 372 p. 5200 e., awarded the State Prize of the USSR (republished: Leningrad, 1971; Moscow, 1979; Likhachev D.S. Selected works: In 3 volumes. T. 1. Leningrad, 1987)
Member of the Council of the Leningrad city branch of the All-Russian Society for the Protection of Historical and Cultural Monuments.
Member of the Central Council, member of the Presidium of the Central Council of the All-Russian Society for the Protection of Historical and Cultural Monuments.

Member of the Academic Council of the Leningrad Branch of the Institute of History of the USSR of the USSR Academy of Sciences.

Elected corresponding member of the Austrian Academy of Sciences.
Participated in the VI International Congress of Slavists (Prague). I read the report “Ancient Slavic Literatures as a System.”

Awarded the USSR State Prize for the scientific work “Poetics of Old Russian Literature.”
Participated in a conference on epic poetry (Italy).

Member of the Scientific Council on the complex problem “History of World Culture” of the USSR Academy of Sciences. S - member of the Council Bureau.

Academician

Elected full member of the USSR Academy of Sciences.

Elected foreign member of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts.
Awarded a 1st degree diploma from the All-Union Society “Knowledge” for the book “Man in the Literature of Ancient Rus'.”
Awarded an honorary doctorate degree from the University of Edinburgh (UK).
Publication of the book “The Artistic Heritage of Ancient Rus' and Modernity” L., Science. 1971. 121 p. 20 t.e. (together with V.D. Likhacheva).

Mother Vera Semyonovna Likhacheva died.

Member of the editorial board of the “Concise Literary Encyclopedia”.

Head of the Archaeographic Group of the Leningrad Branch of the Archive of the USSR Academy of Sciences.

Awarded a 1st degree diploma from the All-Union Society “Knowledge” for participation in the collective scientific work “A Brief History of the USSR. Part 1."
Elected an honorary member of the historical and literary school society "Boyan" (Rostov region).
Elected foreign member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences.
Participated in the VII International Congress of Slavists (Warsaw). The report “The Origin and Development of Genres of Old Russian Literature” was read.
Publication of the book “The Development of Russian Literature in the 10th - 17th Centuries: Epochs and Styles” L., Science. 1973. 254 p. 11 t.e. (reprint: Likhachev D.S. Selected works: in 3 volumes. T. 1. L., 1987; St. Petersburg, 1998).

Member of the Academic Council of the Leningrad Institute of Theater, Music and Cinematography.

Member of the Leningrad (St. Petersburg) branch of the Archaeographic Commission of the USSR Academy of Sciences, since 1975 - member of the bureau of the Branch of the Archaeographic Commission of the USSR Academy of Sciences.
Member of the Bureau of the Archaeographic Commission of the USSR Academy of Sciences.
Chairman of the editorial board of the yearbook “Cultural Monuments. New discoveries” of the Scientific Council on the complex problem “History of World Culture” of the USSR Academy of Sciences.
Chairman of the Scientific Council on the complex problem “History of World Culture” of the USSR Academy of Sciences.

Awarded the medal “Thirty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945.”
Awarded the VDNKh gold medal for the monograph “The Development of Russian Literature - 17th Century.”
He spoke out against the expulsion of A.D. Sakharov from the USSR Academy of Sciences.
Trip to Hungary to celebrate the 150th anniversary of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences.
Participated in the MAPRYAL (International Association of Teachers of Russian Language and Literature) symposium on comparative literature (Bulgaria).
Publication of the book “The Great Heritage: Classic Works of Literature of Ancient Rus'” M., Sovremennik. 1975. 366 p. 50 t.e. (reprinted: M., 1980; Likhachev D.S. Selected works: in 3 volumes. T.2. L., 1987; 1997).

1975-1999

Member of the editorial board of the publication of the Leningrad branch of the Institute of History of the USSR of the USSR Academy of Sciences “Auxiliary Historical Disciplines”.

Participated in a special meeting of the USSR Academy of Sciences on the book by O. Suleimenov “Az and I” (banned).
Participated in the conference “Tarnovo School. Disciples and followers of Efimy Tarnovsky" (Bulgaria).
Elected a corresponding member of the British Academy.
Publication of the book “The Laughing World of Ancient Rus'” L., Science. 1976. 204 p. 10 t.e. (co-authored with A. M. Panchenko; re-ed.: L., Nauka. 1984.295 pp.; “Laughter in Ancient Rus'” - joint with A. M. Panchenko and N. V. Ponyrko; 1997 : "Historical poetics of literature. Laughter as a worldview").

1976-1999

Member of the editorial board of the international magazine “Palaeobulgarica” (Sofia).

The State Council of the People's Republic of Bulgaria awarded the Order of Cyril and Methodius, 1st degree.
The Presidium of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences and the Academic Council of the Sofia University named after Kliment Ohridski awarded him the Cyril and Methodius Prize for the work “Golemiah svyat na ruskata literature”.

He was awarded a diploma from the Union of Bulgarian Journalists and the honorary sign “Golden Pen” for his great creative contribution to Bulgarian journalism and publicism.
Elected an honorary member of the Brigantine literary club for high school students.
Trip to Bulgaria to participate in the international symposium “Tarnovo art school and Slavic-Byzantine art of the 12th-15th centuries.” and for lecturing at the Institute of Bulgarian Literature of the BAN and the Center for Bulgarian Studies.
Trip to the GDR for a meeting of the permanent Editorial and Textual Commission of the International Committee of Slavists.
Publication of the book “The Lay of Igor’s Campaign” and the culture of his time” L., Kh.L. 1978. 359 p. 50 t.e. (reprint: Leningrad, 1985; St. Petersburg, 1998)

Initiator, editor (jointly with L. A. Dmitriev) and author of introductory articles to the monumental series “Monuments of Literature of Ancient Rus'” (12 volumes), published by the publishing house “Khudozhestvennaya Literatura” (the publication was awarded the State Prize in 1993).

The State Council of the People's Republic of Bulgaria awarded the honorary title of laureate of the International Prize named after the brothers Cyril and Methodius for exceptional services in the development of Old Bulgarian and Slavic studies, for the study and popularization of the work of the brothers Cyril and Methodius.
Publication of the article “Ecology of Culture” (Moscow, 1979, No. 7)

Member of the editorial board of the book series “Literary Monuments of Siberia” of the East Siberian Book Publishing House (Irkutsk).

The Secretariat of the Union of Writers of Bulgaria awarded him the honorary badge “Nikola Vaptsarov”.
Trip to Bulgaria to give lectures at Sofia University.

Awarded a Certificate of Honor from the “All-Union Voluntary Society of Book Lovers” for his outstanding contribution to the study of ancient Russian culture, Russian books, and source studies.

The State Council of the People's Republic of Bulgaria awarded the “International Prize named after Evfimy Tarnovsky”.

Awarded the honorary badge of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences.
Participated in the conference dedicated to the 1300th anniversary of the Bulgarian state (Sofia).
Publication of a collection of articles “Literature - reality - literature”. L., Soviet writer. 1981. 215 p. 20 t.e. (reprinted: Leningrad, 1984; Likhachev D.S. Selected works: In 3 volumes, T. 3. Leningrad, 1987) and the brochure “Notes on the Russian.” M., Sov. Russia. 1981. 71 p. 75 t.e. (reprint: M., 1984; Likhachev D.S. Selected works: In 3 volumes. T. 2. L., 1987; 1997).

A great-grandson, Sergei, was born, the son of his granddaughter Vera Tolts (from his marriage to Vladimir Solomonovich Tolts, a Sovietologist and Ufa Jew).

Daughter Vera died in a car accident.

Member of the editorial board of the almanac of the All-Russian Society for the Protection of Historical and Cultural Monuments “Monuments of the Fatherland.”

Awarded a Certificate of Honor and a prize from Ogonyok magazine for the interview “The memory of history is sacred.”
Elected honorary doctor of the University of Bordeaux (France).
The editorial board of the Literaturnaya Gazeta awarded the prize for active participation in the work of the Literaturnaya Gazeta.
Trip to Bulgaria to give lectures and consultations at the invitation of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences.
Publication of the book “Poetry of Gardens: Towards the Semantics of Garden and Park Styles” L., Nauka. 1982. 343 p. 9950 e. (reprint: Leningrad, 1991; St. Petersburg, 1998).

Awarded the VDNKh Diploma of Honor for creating a manual for teachers “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign.”
Elected honorary doctor of the University of Zurich (Switzerland).
Member of the Soviet Organizing Committee for the preparation and holding of the IX International Congress of Slavists (Kyiv).
Publication of the book for students “Native Land”. M., Det.lit. 1985. 207 p.

1983-1999

Chairman of the Pushkin Commission of the USSR Academy of Sciences.

The name of D. S. Likhachev was assigned to small planet No. 2877, discovered by Soviet astronomers: (2877) Likhachev-1969 TR2.

1984-1999

Member of the Leningrad Scientific Center of the USSR Academy of Sciences.

Awarded the anniversary medal “Forty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945.”
The Presidium of the USSR Academy of Sciences awarded the V. G. Belinsky Prize for the book “The Lay of Igor’s Campaign” and the culture of his time.”
The editorial board of the Literaturnaya Gazeta awarded the title of laureate of the Literaturnaya Gazeta for active cooperation in the newspaper.
Awarded an honorary doctorate of science from Loránd Eötvös University of Budapest.
A trip to Hungary at the invitation of the Lorand Eötvos University of Budapest in connection with the 350th anniversary of the university.
Participated in the Cultural Forum of the participating states of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (Hungary). The report “Problems of preservation and development of folklore in the conditions of the scientific and technological revolution” was read.
Publication of the books “The Past to the Future: Articles and Essays” L., Science. 1985. 575 p. 15 t.e. and “Letters about the good and the beautiful” M., Det.lit. 1985. 207 p. (reprint: Tokyo, 1988; M., 1989; Simferopol, 1990; St. Petersburg, 1994; St. Petersburg, 1999).

In connection with the 80th anniversary, he was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor with the Order of Lenin and the Hammer and Sickle gold medal.
The State Council of the People's Republic of Bulgaria awarded him the Order of Georgi Dimitrov (the highest award in Bulgaria).
Awarded the Veteran of Labor medal.
Included in the Book of Honor of the All-Union Society “Knowledge” for active work in promoting artistic culture and providing methodological assistance to lecturers.
Awarded the title of laureate of “Literary Russia” for 1986 and awarded the Ogonyok magazine prize.
Elected honorary chairman of the International Society for the Study of the Works of F. M. Dostoevsky (IDS).
Elected an honorary member of the book and graphics section of the Leningrad House of Scientists named after. M. Gorky.
Elected a corresponding member of the “Irises” section of the Moscow City Club of Amateur Flower Growers.
Participated in the Soviet-American-Italian symposium “Literature: Tradition and Values” (Italy).
Participated in a conference dedicated to “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign” (Poland).
The book “Studies on Old Russian Literature” has been published. L., Science. 1986. 405 p. 25 t.e. and the brochure “The Memory of History is Sacred.” M., True. 1986. 62 p. 80 t.e.

Chairman of the Board of the Soviet Culture Fund (since 1991 - Russian Culture Fund).

He was awarded the medal and the Bibliophile's Almanac prize.
Awarded a diploma for the film “Poetry of Gardens” (Lentelefilm, 1985), which was awarded second prize at the V All-Union Film Review of Architecture and Civil Engineering.
Elected as a deputy of the Leningrad City Council of People's Deputies.
Elected member of the Commission on the Literary Heritage of B. L. Pasternak.
Elected foreign member of the Italian National Academy.
Participated in the international forum “For a nuclear-free world, for the survival of humanity” (Moscow).
Trip to France for the XVI session of the Permanent Mixed Soviet-French Commission on Cultural and Scientific Relations.
A trip to the UK at the invitation of the British Academy and the University of Glasgow to give lectures and consultations on cultural history.
A trip to Italy for a meeting of an informal initiative group to organize the fund “For the Survival of Humanity in a Nuclear War.”
Publication of the book “The Great Path: The Formation of Russian Literature of the 11th-17th Centuries.” M., Sovremennik. 1987. 299 p. 25 t.e.
Publication of “Selected Works” in 3 volumes.

Member of the editorial board of the magazine “New World”, member of the Public Council of the magazine.

Participated in the international meeting “International Fund for the Survival and Development of Humanity.”
Elected honorary doctor of Sofia University (Bulgaria).
Elected corresponding member of the Göttingen Academy of Sciences (Germany).
Trip to Finland for the opening of the exhibition “Time of Change, 1905-1930 (Russian Avant-garde).”
A trip to Denmark for the opening of the exhibition “Russian and Soviet art from personal collections. 1905-1930."
Trip to the UK to present the first issue of the magazine “Our Heritage”.
Publication of the book: “Dialogues about yesterday, today and tomorrow.” M., Sov. Russia. 1988. 142 p. 30 t.e. (co-author N. G. Samvelyan)

A great-granddaughter, Vera, was born, the daughter of the granddaughter of Zinaida Kurbatova (from her marriage to Igor Rutter, an artist, a Sakhalin German).

Awarded the European (1st) Prize for Cultural Activities in 1988.
Awarded the International Literary and Journalistic Prize of Modena (Italy) for his contribution to the development and dissemination of culture in 1988.
Together with other cultural figures, he advocated the return of the Solovetsky and Valaam monasteries to the Russian Orthodox Church.
Participated in a meeting of European ministers of culture in France.
Member of the Soviet (later Russian) branch of the Pen Club.
Publication of the books “Notes and Observations: From Notebooks of Different Years” L., Sov.writer. 1989. 605 p. 100 t.e. and “On Philology” M., Higher School. 1989. 206 p. 24 t.e.

People's Deputy of the USSR from the Soviet Cultural Foundation.

Member of the International Committee for the Revival of the Library of Alexandria.
Honorary Chairman of the All-Union (since 1991 - Russian) Pushkin Society.
Member of the International Editorial Board created for the publication of “The Complete Works of A. S. Pushkin” in English.
Laureate of the International Prize of the City of Fiuggi (Italy).
Publication of the book “School on Vasilyevsky: A Book for Teachers.” M., Enlightenment. 1990. 157 p. 100 t.e. (jointly with N.V. Blagovo and E.B. Belodubrovsky).

Awarded the A.P. Karpinsky Prize (Hamburg) for the research and publication of monuments of Russian literature and culture.
Awarded an honorary doctorate of science from Charles University (Prague).
Elected honorary member of Serbian Matica (SFRY).
Elected an honorary member of the World Club of St. Petersburgers.
Elected an honorary member of the German Pushkin Society.
Publication of the books “I Remember” M., Progress. 1991. 253 p. 10 t.e., “Book of Anxiety” M., News. 1991. 526 p. 30 t.e., “Thoughts” M., Det.lit. 1991. 316 p. 100 t.e.

Elected foreign member of the Philosophical Scientific Society of the United States.
Elected honorary doctor of the University of Siena (Italy).
Awarded the title of Honorary Citizen of Milan and Arezzo (Italy).
Participant of the International Charity Program “New Names”.
Chairman of the public anniversary Sergius Committee for preparations for the celebration of the 600th anniversary of the repose of St. Sergius of Radonezh.
Publication of the book “Russian Art from Antiquity to the Avant-garde.” M., Art. 1992. 407 p.

The Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences awarded him the Big Gold Medal. M. V. Lomonosov for outstanding achievements in the field of humanities.
Awarded the State Prize of the Russian Federation for the series “Monuments of Literature of Ancient Rus'”.
Elected foreign member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
Awarded the title of the first Honorary Citizen of St. Petersburg by decision of the St. Petersburg Council of People's Deputies.
Elected honorary doctor of the St. Petersburg Humanitarian University of Trade Unions.
The book “Articles of the Early Years” has been published. Tver, Tver. OO RFK. 1993. 144 p.

Chairman of the State Jubilee Pushkin Commission (for the celebration of the 200th anniversary of the birth of A.S. Pushkin).
Publication of the book: "Great Rus': History and artistic culture of the X-XVII centuries" M., Art. 1994. 488 pp. (jointly with G. K. Wagner, G. I. Vzdornov, R. G. Skrynnikov) .

Participated in the International Colloquium “The Creation of the World and the Purpose of Man” (St. Petersburg - Novgorod). Presented the project “Declaration of the Rights of Culture”.
Awarded the Order of the Madara Horseman, first degree, for exceptional services in the development of Bulgarian studies, for promoting the role of Bulgaria in the development of world culture.
On the initiative of D. S. Likhachev and with the support of the Institute of Russian Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the International Non-Governmental Organization “Fund for the 200th Anniversary of A. S. Pushkin” was created.
Publication of the book “Memoirs” (St. Petersburg, Logos. 1995. 517 p. 3 i.e. reprinted 1997, 1999, 2001).

Awarded the Order of Merit for the Fatherland, II degree, for outstanding services to the state and great personal contribution to the development of Russian culture.
Awarded the Order of Stara Planina, first degree, for his enormous contribution to the development of Slavic and Bulgarian studies and for his great services in strengthening bilateral scientific and cultural ties between the Republic of Bulgaria and the Russian Federation.
Publication of books: “Essays on the philosophy of artistic creativity” St. Petersburg, Blitz. 1996. 158 p. 2 vol. (reissue 1999) and “Without evidence” St. Petersburg, Blitz. 1996. 159 p. 5 t.e..

Laureate of the Presidential Prize of the Russian Federation in the field of literature and art.
Awarding the prize “For the honor and dignity of talent”, established by the International Literary Fund.
The private Tsarskoye Selo art prize was awarded under the motto “From the artist to the artist” (St. Petersburg).
Publication of the book “On the Intelligentsia: Collection of Articles.”

A great-granddaughter, Hannah, was born, the daughter of the granddaughter of Vera Tolz (from her marriage to Yor Gorlitsky, a Sovietologist).

1997-1999

Editor (jointly with L. A. Dmitriev, A. A. Alekseev, N. V. Ponyrko) and author of introductory articles of the monumental series "Library of Literature of Ancient Rus' (published vols. 1 - 7, 9 -11) - Nauka publishing house "

Awarded the Order of the Apostle Andrew the First-Called for his contribution to the development of national culture (first holder).
Awarded a Gold Medal of the first degree from the Interregional Non-Profit Charitable Foundation in Memory of A. D. Menshikov (St. Petersburg).
Awarded the Nebolsin Prize of the International Charitable Foundation and Professional Education named after. A. G. Nebolsina.
Awarded the International Silver Commemorative Badge “Swallow of the World” (Italy) for his great contribution to the promotion of ideas of peace and the interaction of national cultures.
Publication of the book “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign and the Culture of His Time. Works of recent years." St. Petersburg, Logos. 1998. 528 p. 1000 e.

One of the founders of the “Congress of the St. Petersburg Intelligentsia” (along with Zh. Alferov, D. Granin, A. Zapesotsky, K. Lavrov, A. Petrov, M. Piotrovsky).
Awarded a souvenir Golden Jubilee Pushkin Medal from the “Foundation for the 200th Anniversary of A. S. Pushkin.”

Publication of the books “Thoughts about Russia”, “Novgorod Album”.

Dmitry Sergeevich Likhachev died on September 30, 1999 in St. Petersburg. He was buried in the cemetery in Komarovo on October 4. The monument at the scientist’s grave was made by the famous sculptor V. S. Vasilkovsky.

The importance of creative and social activities

D. S. Likhachev made a significant contribution to the development of the study of ancient Russian literature. He is responsible for some of the best research on such literary monuments as “The Tale of Bygone Years”, “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign”, “The Prayer of Daniil the Zatochnik”, etc. Likhachev also took an active part in the reconstruction of the Monrepos park near St. Petersburg. Likhachev contributed greatly to the development of the book series “Literary Monuments”, being the chairman of its editorial board since 1970. The famous actor, People's Artist of the Russian Federation Igor Dmitriev described the main significance of D. S. Likhachev in the development of Russian culture:

civil position

Foreign member of the Academies of Sciences of Bulgaria, Hungary, and the Academy of Sciences and Arts of Serbia. Corresponding member of the Austrian, American, British (1976), Italian, Göttingen academies, corresponding member of the oldest US society - the Philosophical Society. Member of the Writers' Union since 1956. Since 1983 - Chairman of the Pushkin Commission of the Russian Academy of Sciences, since 1974 - Chairman of the Editorial Board of the yearbook “Cultural Monuments. New discoveries". From 1993 to 1993 he headed the editorial board of the “Literary Monuments” series, since 1987 he has been a member of the editorial board of the “New World” magazine, and since 1988 of the “Our Heritage” magazine.

The Russian Academy of Art Studies and Musical Performance awarded him the Order of Arts “Amber Cross” (). Awarded an Honorary Diploma of the Legislative Assembly of St. Petersburg (

Biography
Russian literary scholar, cultural historian, text critic, publicist, public figure. Born on November 28 (old style - November 15) 1906 in St. Petersburg, in the family of an engineer. 1923 - graduated from labor school and entered Petrograd University at the Department of Linguistics and Literature, Faculty of Social Sciences. 1928 - graduated from Leningrad University, defending two diplomas - in Romano-Germanic and Slavic-Russian philology. In 1928 - 1932 he was repressed: for participating in a scientific student circle, Likhachev was arrested and imprisoned in the Solovetsky camp. In 1931 - 1932 he was at the construction of the White Sea-Baltic Canal and was released as a “shock soldier of the Belbaltlag with the right to reside throughout the entire territory of the USSR.” 1934 - 1938 worked at the Leningrad branch of the publishing house of the USSR Academy of Sciences. I caught my attention when editing the book by A.A. Shakhmatov “Review of Russian Chronicles” and was invited to work in the department of Old Russian literature at the Leningrad Institute of Russian Literature (Pushkin House), where he conducted scientific work from 1938, and from 1954 headed the sector of Old Russian literature. 1941 - defended his candidate's dissertation "Novgorod chronicle codes of the 12th century." In Leningrad besieged by the Nazis, Likhachev, in collaboration with archaeologist M.A. Tianova, wrote a brochure “Defense of Old Russian Cities”, which appeared during the siege of 1942. In 1947 he defended his doctoral dissertation “Essays on the history of literary forms of chronicle writing of the 11th - 16th centuries.” 1946-1953 - professor at Leningrad State University. 1953 - Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences, 1970 - Academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences, 1991 - Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Foreign member of the Academies of Sciences: Bulgarian (1963), Austrian (1968), Serbian (1972), Hungarian (1973). Honorary doctorate from the universities: Toruń (1964), Oxford (1967), Edinburgh (1970). 1986 - 1991 - Chairman of the Board of the Soviet Cultural Foundation, 1991 - 1993 - Chairman of the Board of the Russian International Cultural Foundation. USSR State Prize (1952, 1969). 1986 - Hero of Socialist Labor. Awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor and medals. First Knight of the revived Order of St. Andrew the First-Called (1998).
Among the works are “National Identity of Ancient Rus'” (1945), “Russian Chronicles and Their Cultural and Historical Significance” (1947), “The Tale of Bygone Years” (1950, parts 1.2), “The Emergence of Russian Literature” (1952) , "The Tale of Igor's Campaign. Historical and literary essay" (1955, 2nd edition), "Man in the literature of Ancient Rus'", (1958, 2nd edition 1970), "Some tasks of studying the second South Slavic influence in Russia" (1958), " Culture of Rus' in the time of Andrei Rublev and Epiphanius the Wise" (1962), "Textology. Based on Russian literature of the X - XVII centuries." (1962), “The Poetics of Old Russian Literature” (1967, 2nd edition 1971), “The Artistic Heritage of Ancient Rus' and Modernity” (1971, together with V.D. Likhacheva), “The Development of Russian Literature X - XVII centuries. Epochs and Styles” (1973), “Notes about Russian” (1981), “Past for the Future” (1985).
__________
Information sources:
Encyclopedic resource www.rubricon.com (Great Soviet Encyclopedia, Encyclopedic Dictionary "History of the Fatherland", Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary)
Project "Russia Congratulates!" - www.prazdniki.ru

(Source: “Aphorisms from around the world. Encyclopedia of wisdom.” www.foxdesign.ru)

Consolidated encyclopedia of aphorisms. Academician 2011.

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Books

D. S. Likhachev. Favorites (set of 3 books), D. S. Likhachev. The set includes selected works of the Soviet and Russian philologist, art critic, academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences Dmitry Sergeevich Likhachev (1906-1999). D. S. Likhachev made a significant contribution to the development...
N. P. Likhachev. Selected works. Volume 1. Materials for the history of Byzantine and Russian sphragistics, Likhachev Nikolai Petrovich. The first volume of SELECTED WORKS of academician Nikolai Petrovich Likhachev consists of two issues of “Materials for the history of Byzantine and Russian sphragistics”. These works are of great importance for...